G蛋白调节的腺苷酸环化酶同工型的生理作用：基因敲除和过表达研究的见解
Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies.
作者信息
Sadana Rachna, Dessauer Carmen W
机构信息
Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
出版信息
Neurosignals. 2009;17(1):5-22. doi: 10.1159/000166277. Epub 2008 Oct 24.
Abstract
Cyclic AMP is a universal second messenger, produced by a family of adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzymes. The last three decades have brought a wealth of new information about the regulation of cyclic AMP production by ACs. Nine hormone-sensitive, membrane-bound AC isoforms have been identified in addition to a tenth isoform that lacks membrane spans and more closely resembles the cyanobacterial AC enzymes. New model systems for purifying and characterizing the catalytic domains of AC have led to the crystal structure of these domains and the mapping of numerous interaction sites. However, big hurdles remain in unraveling the roles of individual AC isoforms and their regulation in physiological systems. In this review we explore the latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
摘要
环磷酸腺苷（Cyclic AMP）是一种通用的第二信使，由腺苷酸环化酶（AC）家族的酶产生。过去三十年带来了大量关于AC对环磷酸腺苷产生的调节的新信息。除了一种缺乏跨膜结构且更类似于蓝细菌AC酶的第十种同工型外，已鉴定出九种激素敏感的膜结合AC同工型。用于纯化和表征AC催化结构域的新模型系统已得出这些结构域的晶体结构以及众多相互作用位点的图谱。然而，在阐明单个AC同工型的作用及其在生理系统中的调节方面仍存在巨大障碍。在本综述中，我们探讨了AC基因敲除和过表达研究的最新情况，以更好地了解G蛋白对大脑、嗅球和心脏中AC的调节作用。
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