Beyer Angelika, Biziuk Marek
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2008 Nov;48(10):888-904. doi: 10.1080/10408390701761878.
Determination of residual amounts of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food samples requires the use of specific techniques regarding sample preparation as well as instrumental analysis which should be characterized by a very low detection limit. A problem associated with the use of pesticides and PCBs is the need for controlling their residues in the environment, particularly in food, as these chemicals show a propensity to accumulate. The analysis of food samples for the presence of pesticides and PCBs brings on many difficulties because of the specificity of sample preparation consisting of multistep purification procedures of samples that contain trace amounts of an analyte. Concentration determinations of pollutants that easily dissolve in complex matrices, particularly in the presence of a large apportionment of interfering substances, pose a big challenge. Therefore, the basic step in food analysis for the presence of pesticides and PCBs is sample preparation which mainly consists of analyte enrichment and the removal of interfering substances. But all steps of the analytical procedure that include sample collection and preparation, extraction of analytes from matrix, extract purification, and final determination, are very significant; their precision and correct application have a decisive effect on the final result.
测定食品样本中农药和多氯联苯（PCBs）的残留量需要使用特定的样本制备技术以及仪器分析方法，这些方法应具有极低的检测限。使用农药和多氯联苯带来的一个问题是需要控制它们在环境中的残留量，尤其是在食品中的残留量，因为这些化学物质具有积累的倾向。由于样本制备的特殊性，包括对含有痕量分析物的样本进行多步纯化程序，对食品样本中农药和多氯联苯的分析带来了许多困难。在复杂基质中，尤其是在存在大量干扰物质的情况下，对易溶解的污染物进行浓度测定是一项巨大的挑战。因此，食品中农药和多氯联苯分析的基本步骤是样本制备，主要包括分析物富集和干扰物质的去除。但是分析程序的所有步骤，包括样本采集和制备、从基质中提取分析物、提取物纯化以及最终测定，都非常重要；它们的精度和正确应用对最终结果具有决定性影响。
