Albers L L, Katz V L
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.
J Nurse Midwifery. 1991 Jul-Aug;36(4):215-20. doi: 10.1016/0091-2182(91)90081-y.
This article reviews the literature on birth settings for women with low-risk pregnancies. Methodological issues of the existing research include nonrandom designs, small samples, selection differences, data limitation, and confounding bias. Studies for four birth sites are summarized: the home, freestanding birth centers, in-hospital birthing centers or birthing rooms, and traditional hospital settings. Despite the methodological limitations, nontraditional birth settings present advantages for low-risk women as compared with traditional hospital settings: lower costs for maternity care, and lower use of childbirth procedures, without significant differences in perinatal mortality.
本文综述了关于低风险妊娠女性分娩场所的文献。现有研究的方法学问题包括非随机设计、样本量小、选择差异、数据限制和混杂偏倚。总结了四个分娩地点的研究：家庭、独立分娩中心、医院内分娩中心或产房以及传统医院环境。尽管存在方法学上的局限性，但与传统医院环境相比，非传统分娩场所对低风险女性具有优势：孕产妇护理成本更低，分娩程序使用更少，围产期死亡率无显著差异。
