Buccione Ivana, Fadda Lucia, Serra Laura, Caltagirone Carlo, Carlesimo Giovanni A
Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008 Nov;14(6):1083-94. doi: 10.1017/S1355617708080922.
Patients with damage to the mesial and anterior portions of the temporal lobes suffer from a memory impairment involving both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. In the retrograde domain, it has been suggested that the relative severity of autobiographical and nonautobiographical memory impairment may depend on the prevalent side of the temporal damage. Here we present two patients suffering from damage to the mesial and anterior portions of the temporal lobes (hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus and polar cortex) as a result of herpes encephalitis. In the first case, A.S., damage predominantly affected the right temporal lobe, whereas in the second patient, R.S., the damage was bilateral but more severe on the left side. A detailed investigation of the retrograde memory deficit demonstrated a partial double dissociation between the two patients, with A.S. almost exclusively impaired in the autobiographical domain (both episodic and semantic) and R.S. with poor performances in all domains, but much more severe in the nonautobiographical (both public events and general semantic knowledge) than in the autobiographical one. These findings reinforce the view of specialization of right and left temporal lobes in the retrieval of retrograde autobiographical and nonautobiographical memories, respectively.
颞叶内侧和前部受损的患者会出现一种记忆障碍，包括顺行性遗忘和逆行性遗忘。在逆行性记忆方面，有人提出，自传体记忆和非自传体记忆障碍的相对严重程度可能取决于颞叶损伤的优势侧。在此，我们报告两名因疱疹性脑炎导致颞叶内侧和前部（海马结构、海马旁回和极皮质）受损的患者。在第一个病例中，A.S. 的损伤主要影响右侧颞叶，而在第二个患者R.S. 中，损伤是双侧的，但左侧更严重。对逆行性记忆缺陷的详细调查显示，两名患者之间存在部分双重分离，A.S. 几乎仅在自传体记忆领域（包括情景记忆和语义记忆）受损，而R.S. 在所有领域的表现都较差，但在非自传体记忆领域（包括公共事件和一般语义知识）比在自传体记忆领域受损更严重。这些发现强化了左右颞叶分别在逆行性自传体记忆和非自传体记忆提取中具有专门化功能的观点。
