Ghunmi Lina Abu, Zeeman Grietje, van Lier Jules, Fayyed Manar
Jordan University, Water and Environment Research Study Center, P.O. Box 1300, Amman, Jordan.
Water Sci Technol. 2008;58(7):1385-96. doi: 10.2166/wst.2008.444.
The objective of this work is to assess the potentials and requirements for grey water reuse in Jordan. The results revealed that urban, rural and dormitory grey water production rate and concentration of TS, BOD(5), COD and pathogens varied between 18-66 L cap(-1)d(-1), 848-1,919, 200-1,056, and 560-2,568 mg L(-1) and 6.9E2-2.7E5 CFU mL(-1), respectively. The grey water compromises 64 to 85% of the total water flow in the rural and urban areas. Storing grey water is inevitable to meet reuse requirements in terms of volume and timing. All the studied grey waters need treatment, in terms of solids, BOD(5), COD and pathogens, before storage and reuse. Storage and physical treatment, as a pretreatment step should be avoided, since it produces unstable effluents and non-stabilized sludge. However, extensive biological treatment can combine storage and physical treatments. Furthermore, a batch-fed biological treatment system combining anaerobic and aerobic processes copes with the fluctuations in the hydrographs and pollutographs as well as the present nutrients. The inorganic content of grey water in Jordan is about drinking water quality and does not need treatment. Moreover, the grey water SAR values were 3-7, revealing that the concentrations of monovalent and divalent cations comply with agricultural demand in Jordan. The observed patterns in the hydrographs and pollutographs showed that the hydraulic load could be used for the design of both physical and biological treatment units for dormitories and hotels. For family houses the hydraulic load was identified as the key design parameter for physical treatment units and the organic load is the key design parameter for biological treatment units.
这项工作的目的是评估约旦中水回用的潜力和要求。结果表明，城市、农村和宿舍的中水产量以及总固体（TS）、生化需氧量（BOD₅）、化学需氧量（COD）和病原体的浓度分别在18 - 66升/人·天、848 - 1919毫克/升、200 - 1056毫克/升、560 - 2568毫克/升和6.9×10² - 2.7×10⁵菌落形成单位/毫升之间。中水占农村和城市地区总水流的64%至85%。为了在水量和时间上满足回用要求，储存中水是不可避免的。所有研究的中水在储存和回用之前，在固体、BOD₅、COD和病原体方面都需要进行处理。应避免将储存和物理处理作为预处理步骤，因为这会产生不稳定的废水和未稳定化的污泥。然而，深度生物处理可以结合储存和物理处理。此外，一种结合厌氧和好氧工艺的分批进料生物处理系统能够应对水文图和污染物图的波动以及当前的营养物质。约旦中水的无机含量约为饮用水质量，无需处理。此外，中水的钠吸附比（SAR）值为3 - 7，表明单价和二价阳离子的浓度符合约旦的农业需求。水文图和污染物图中观察到的模式表明，水力负荷可用于设计宿舍和酒店物理及生物处理单元。对于家庭住宅，水力负荷被确定为物理处理单元的关键设计参数，而有机负荷是生物处理单元的关键设计参数。
