Pronina E A, Petraikina E E, Antsiferov M B, Duchareva O V, Petrone A, Buzzetti R, Pozzilli P
Department of Endocrinology, Morozovskaya Children City Clinical Hospital of Moscow, Russia.
Diabet Med. 2008 Aug;25(8):956-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02508.x.
To provide data on the incidence of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Moscow, determined prospectively from 1996 to 2005 for a total of > 10 million subjects aged < 15 years.
Data on T1D incidence in patients with newly discovered T1D resident in Moscow diagnosed between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2005 were analysed. Primary ascertainment was based in endocrinology departments of children's hospitals in Moscow. A secondary source were the archives of Moscow Region where patients are registered to obtain exemption from paying for medication.
We identified 2031 new cases of T1D patients with a degree of ascertainment through primary and secondary sources of 94%. Overall the incidence rate of the disease was 12.9 per 100,000 per year (95% confidence interval 12.3- 13.4). The cumulative risk of the disease was 0.28 per 1000 in the age group 0-4 years, 0.84 in the age group 5-9 years and 1.8 in the age group 10-14 years. The incidence rate in girls increased by a mean of 6% per year in all age groups (P < 0.05 for all comparisons), whereas in boys it increased by a mean of 7% in the age group 10-14 years. Thirty percent of cases presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and coma at diagnosis, whereas hyperglycaemia without ketonuria was present in 20% of patients.
This is the first study to report on validated incidence data for T1D in Moscow. We conclude that the incidence of T1D in Moscow is comparable to that of those European countries having intermediate incidence rates, and that the incidence is increasing.
提供1996年至2005年期间莫斯科1型糖尿病（T1D）发病率的数据，该数据是对总计超过1000万15岁以下受试者进行前瞻性研究得出的。
分析了1996年1月1日至2005年12月31日期间在莫斯科确诊的新发现T1D患者的T1D发病率数据。主要确诊依据是莫斯科儿童医院的内分泌科。次要来源是莫斯科地区的档案，患者在那里登记以获得免付药费的资格。
我们确定了2031例新的T1D患者，通过主要和次要来源的确诊率为94%。总体而言，该疾病的发病率为每年每10万人中12.9例（95%置信区间12.3 - 13.4）。该疾病在0 - 4岁年龄组的累积风险为每1000人中0.28例，在5 - 9岁年龄组为0.84例，在10 - 14岁年龄组为1.8例。所有年龄组中女孩的发病率平均每年增加6%（所有比较P < 0.05），而男孩在10 - 14岁年龄组中平均每年增加7%。30%的病例在诊断时出现糖尿病酮症酸中毒和昏迷，而20%的患者出现无酮尿的高血糖症。
这是第一项报告莫斯科T1D有效发病率数据的研究。我们得出结论，莫斯科T1D的发病率与那些发病率处于中等水平的欧洲国家相当，并且发病率正在上升。
