Self D J, Skeel J D
Department of Humanities in Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station 77843.
Theor Med. 1991 Jun;12(2):117-27. doi: 10.1007/BF00489792.
A study of clinical medical ethicists was conducted to determine the various philosophical positions they hold with respect to ethical decision making in medicine and their various positions' relationship to the subjective-objective controversy in value theory. The study consisted of analyzing and interpreting data gathered from questionnaires from 52 clinical medical ethicists at 28 major health care centers in the United States. The study revealed that most clinical medical ethicists tend to be objectivists in value theory, i.e., believe that value judgments are knowledge claims capable of being true or false and therefore expressions of moral requirements and normative imperatives emanating from an external value structure or moral order in the world. In addition, the study revealed that most clinical medical ethicists are consistent in the philosophical foundations of their ethical decision making, i.e., in decision making regarding values they tend not to hold beliefs which are incompatible with other beliefs they hold about values.
对临床医疗伦理学家进行了一项研究，以确定他们在医学伦理决策方面持有的各种哲学立场，以及他们的各种立场与价值理论中的主观-客观争议之间的关系。该研究包括分析和解释从美国28个主要医疗中心的52位临床医疗伦理学家的问卷中收集的数据。研究表明，大多数临床医疗伦理学家在价值理论上倾向于客观主义者，即相信价值判断是能够为真或为假的知识主张，因此道德要求和规范性命令的表达源自世界上外部的价值结构或道德秩序。此外，研究还表明，大多数临床医疗伦理学家在其伦理决策的哲学基础上是一致的，即在关于价值观的决策中，他们往往不会持有与他们对价值观所持的其他信念不相容的信念。
