Kushner T, Belliotti R A, Buckner D
Health and Medical Sciences Program, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Theor Med. 1991 Dec;12(4):281-93. doi: 10.1007/BF00489889.
The failure of medical codes to provide adequate guidance for physicians' moral dilemmas points to the fact that some rules of analysis, informed by moral theory, are needed to assist in resolving perplexing ethical problems occurring with increasing frequency as medical technology advances. Initially, deontological and teleological theories appear more helpful, but criticisms can be lodged against both, and neither proves to be sufficient in itself. This paper suggests that to elude the limitations of previous approaches, a method of moral decision making must be developed incorporating both coherence methodology and some independently supported theoretical foundations. Wide Reflective Equilibrium is offered, and its process described along with a theory of the person which is used to animate the process. Steps are outlined to be used in the process, leading to the application of the method to an actual case.
医学编码未能为医生面临的道德困境提供充分指导，这表明需要一些基于道德理论的分析规则，以协助解决随着医学技术进步而日益频繁出现的复杂伦理问题。最初，道义论和目的论理论似乎更有帮助，但对两者都可能提出批评，而且两者本身都证明是不够的。本文认为，为了避开先前方法的局限性，必须开发一种道德决策方法，将连贯方法和一些独立支持的理论基础结合起来。本文提出了广义反思平衡法，并描述了其过程以及用于推动该过程的人格理论。概述了该过程中要使用的步骤，从而将该方法应用于实际案例。
