Pilgård Göran, Söderfeldt Björn, Hjalmers Karin, Rosenquist Jan
Department of Oral Public Health, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden.
Swed Dent J. 2008;32(3):149-55.
The aim of this study was to investigate how work environment influenced attitudes to and knowledge of quality among employees of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) clinics in Sweden. Data were collected with a questionnaire of 67 questions, related to quality management at the clinic, working situation, content of "good work", physical environment and health. 22 clinics with 297 employees responded, 65% of the clinics and 86% of the employees. A multiple regression analysis with the dependent variable "Attitude towards quality work" showed that only "work environment" (p = 0.010) revealed a significant association (p < 0.05). The personnel will have a more favourable attitude to quality work if they regard work environment to be important. Dental nurses and assistant nurses had more than four times more knowledge of the used quality management system than had the maxillo-facial surgeons. Women had nearly four times more knowledge of quality management than men. Clinic size was important, with better knowledge of quality management in bigger clinics. Soft demands were defined as demands for "flexibility, creativity, quality, service, engagement/commitment and ability to work together, and competence". Hard demands included economy as important, and emphasis on efficiency and productivity. There was a weak association with knowledge of quality management systems if soft demands increased, but negative if hard demands increased. In conclusion, mainly work environment was of significance for the attitude towards quality work among the employees of OMFS clinics in Sweden. Profession, gender, clinic size, and the hard demands were significantly associated with knowledge of the quality management system used.
本研究的目的是调查工作环境如何影响瑞典口腔颌面外科（OMFS）诊所员工对质量的态度和知识。通过一份包含67个问题的问卷收集数据，这些问题涉及诊所的质量管理、工作状况、“优质工作”的内容、物理环境和健康。22家诊所的297名员工做出了回应，占诊所的65%和员工的86%。对因变量“对质量工作的态度”进行的多元回归分析表明，只有“工作环境”（p = 0.010）显示出显著关联（p < 0.05）。如果员工认为工作环境很重要，他们对质量工作会有更积极的态度。牙科护士和助理护士对所使用的质量管理系统的了解比颌面外科医生多四倍以上。女性对质量管理的了解几乎是男性的四倍。诊所规模很重要，规模较大的诊所对质量管理的了解更好。软性需求被定义为对“灵活性、创造力、质量、服务、敬业度/承诺以及团队合作能力和胜任能力”的需求。硬性需求包括将经济视为重要因素，并强调效率和生产力。软性需求增加时，与质量管理系统知识的关联较弱，但硬性需求增加时则呈负相关。总之，在瑞典OMFS诊所员工中，主要是工作环境对质量工作的态度具有重要意义。职业、性别、诊所规模和硬性需求与所使用的质量管理系统的知识显著相关。
