Harmon S H E
SCRIPT, Old College, South Bridge Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK.
J Med Ethics. 2008 Nov;34(11):e24. doi: 10.1136/jme.2008.024166.
Genomic research is an expanding and subversive field, leaking into various others, from environmental protection to food production to healthcare delivery, and in doing so, it is reshaping our relationship with them. The international community has issued various declaratory instruments aimed at the human genome and genomic research. These soft law instruments stress the special nature of genomics and our genetic heritage, and attempt to set limits on our activities with respect to same, as informed by the human rights paradigm. This paper examines the primary thrust and, more importantly, the joint value position of the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, concluding that, though important legal instruments from the human rights paradigm, these instruments, or rather the values contained therein, must find a more influential hard law voice and a broader policy environment.
基因组研究是一个不断扩展且具有颠覆性的领域，它正渗透到从环境保护到食品生产再到医疗保健等诸多其他领域，在此过程中，它正在重塑我们与这些领域的关系。国际社会已发布了各种针对人类基因组和基因组研究的宣言性文书。这些软法文书强调了基因组学和我们的遗传遗产的特殊性，并试图根据人权范式对我们在这方面的活动加以限制。本文审视了《世界人类基因组与人权宣言》和《世界生物伦理与人权宣言》的主要内容，更重要的是，审视了它们共同的价值立场，得出的结论是，尽管这些文书是人权范式下的重要法律文书，但这些文书，或者更确切地说，其中所包含的价值观，必须找到一个更具影响力的硬法声音和更广阔的政策环境。
