Kelly Yvonne, Sacker Amanda, Gray Ron, Kelly John, Wolke Dieter, Quigley Maria A
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Int J Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;38(1):129-40. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyn230. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
The objective of this study was to determine whether there was an association between mothers' light drinking during pregnancy and risk of behavioural problems, and cognitive deficits in their children at age 3 years.
Data from the first two sweeps of the nationally representative prospective UK Millennium Cohort study were used. Drinking patterns during pregnancy and behavioural and cognitive outcomes were assessed during interviews and home visits. Behavioural problems were indicated by scores falling above defined clinically relevant cut-offs on the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Cognitive ability was assessed using the naming vocabulary subscale from the British Ability Scale (BAS) and the Bracken School Readiness Assessment (BSRA).
There was a J-shaped relationship between mothers drinking during pregnancy and the likelihood of high scores (above the cut-off) on the total difficulties scale of the SDQ and the conduct problems, hyperactivity and emotional symptom SDQ subscales. Children born to light drinkers were less likely to score above the cut-offs compared with children of abstinent mothers. Children born to heavy drinkers were more likely to score above the cut-offs compared with children of abstinent mothers. Boys born to mothers who had up to 1-2 drinks per week or per occasion were less likely to have conduct problems (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.45-0.77) and hyperactivity (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.94). These effects remained in fully adjusted models. Girls were less likely to have emotional symptoms (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.51-1.01) and peer problems (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.92) compared with those born to abstainers. These effects were attenuated in fully adjusted models. Boys born to light drinkers had higher cognitive ability test scores [standard deviations, (95% CI)] BAS 0.15 (0.08-0.23) BSRA 0.24 (0.16-0.32) compared with boys born to abstainers. The difference for BAS was attenuated on adjustment for socio-economic factors, whilst the difference for BSRA remained statistically significant.
Children born to mothers who drank up to 1-2 drinks per week or per occasion during pregnancy were not at increased risk of clinically relevant behavioural difficulties or cognitive deficits compared with children of abstinent mothers. Heavy drinking during pregnancy appears to be associated with behavioural problems and cognitive deficits in offspring at age 3 years whereas light drinking does not.
本研究的目的是确定孕期母亲少量饮酒与孩子3岁时行为问题及认知缺陷风险之间是否存在关联。
使用来自具有全国代表性的前瞻性英国千禧队列研究的前两轮数据。在访谈和家访期间评估孕期饮酒模式以及行为和认知结果。行为问题通过在《长处与困难问卷》（SDQ）家长报告版中高于定义的临床相关临界值的分数来表明。认知能力使用英国能力量表（BAS）的命名词汇子量表和布雷肯入学准备评估（BSRA）进行评估。
孕期母亲饮酒与SDQ总困难量表以及品行问题、多动和情绪症状SDQ子量表上高分（高于临界值）的可能性之间呈J形关系。与戒酒母亲的孩子相比，少量饮酒母亲的孩子得分高于临界值的可能性较小。与戒酒母亲的孩子相比，大量饮酒母亲的孩子得分高于临界值的可能性更大。每周或每次饮酒达1 - 2杯的母亲所生男孩出现品行问题（比值比0.59，95%置信区间0.45 - 0.77）和多动（比值比0.71，95%置信区间0.54 - 0.94）的可能性较小。这些效应在完全调整模型中仍然存在。与戒酒母亲所生女孩相比，少量饮酒母亲所生女孩出现情绪症状（比值比0.72，95%置信区间0.51 - 1.01）和同伴问题（比值比0.68，95%置信区间0.52 - 0.92）的可能性较小。这些效应在完全调整模型中减弱。与戒酒母亲所生男孩相比，少量饮酒母亲所生男孩的认知能力测试得分[标准差，（95%置信区间）]更高，BAS为0.15（0.08 - 0.23），BSRA为0.24（0.16 - 0.32）。在对社会经济因素进行调整后，BAS的差异减弱，而BSRA的差异仍具有统计学意义。
与戒酒母亲的孩子相比，孕期每周或每次饮酒达1 - 2杯的母亲所生孩子出现临床相关行为困难或认知缺陷的风险并未增加。孕期大量饮酒似乎与后代3岁时的行为问题和认知缺陷有关，而少量饮酒则不然。
