Knekt P, Järvinen R, Seppänen R, Rissanen A, Aromaa A, Heinonen O P, Albanes D, Heinonen M, Pukkala E, Teppo L
Research Institute for Social Security, Social Insurance Institution, Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Sep 1;134(5):471-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116118.
The relation between the intake of retinoids, carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium and the subsequent risk of lung cancer was studied among 4,538 initially cancer-free Finnish men aged 20-69 years. During a follow-up of 20 years beginning in 1966-1972, 117 lung cancer cases were diagnosed. Inverse gradients were observed between the intake of carotenoids, vitamin E, and vitamin C and the incidence of lung cancer among nonsmokers, for whom the age-adjusted relative risks of lung cancer in the lowest tertile of intake compared with that in the highest tertile were 2.5 (p value for trend = 0.04), 3.1 (p = 0.12), and 3.1 (p less than 0.01) for the three intakes, respectively. Adjustment for various potential confounding factors did not materially alter the results, and the associations did not seem to be due to preclinical cancer. In the total cohort, there was an inverse association between intake of margarine and fruits and risk of lung cancer. The relative risk of lung cancer for the lowest compared with the highest tertile of margarine intake was 4.0 (p less than 0.001), and that for fruits was 1.8 (p = 0.01). These associations persisted after adjustment for the micronutrient intakes and were stronger among nonsmokers. The results suggest that carotenoids, vitamin E, and vitamin C may be protective against lung cancer among nonsmokers. Food sources rich in these micronutrients may also have other constituents with independent protective effects against lung cancer.
在4538名年龄在20至69岁之间、最初无癌症的芬兰男性中，研究了类视黄醇、类胡萝卜素、维生素E、维生素C和硒的摄入量与随后患肺癌风险之间的关系。从1966年至1972年开始的20年随访期间，共诊断出117例肺癌病例。在不吸烟者中，观察到类胡萝卜素、维生素E和维生素C的摄入量与肺癌发病率之间呈反向梯度关系，对于这三种摄入量，摄入量处于最低三分位数的人群与最高三分位数的人群相比，年龄调整后的肺癌相对风险分别为2.5（趋势p值 = 0.04）、3.1（p = 0.12）和3.1（p < 0.01）。对各种潜在混杂因素进行调整后，结果没有实质性改变，而且这些关联似乎并非由于临床前癌症所致。在整个队列中，人造黄油和水果的摄入量与肺癌风险之间存在反向关联。人造黄油摄入量处于最低三分位数与最高三分位数相比，肺癌相对风险为4.0（p < 0.001），水果摄入量的相对风险为1.8（p = 0.01）。在对微量营养素摄入量进行调整后，这些关联仍然存在，并且在不吸烟者中更强。结果表明，类胡萝卜素、维生素E和维生素C可能对不吸烟者预防肺癌具有保护作用。富含这些微量营养素的食物来源可能还含有其他对肺癌具有独立保护作用的成分。
