Costeira Maria J, Oliveira Pedro, Ares Susana, de Escobar Gabriella Morreale, Palha Joana A
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Thyroid. 2009 Feb;19(2):157-63. doi: 10.1089/thy.2008.0249.
Iodine sufficiency is particularly necessary throughout pregnancy, given its recognized impact on psychomotor performance of the offspring. There are no recent reports about iodine status or supplementation in Portugal, a country that the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders considered, in 2004, to have probably reached iodine sufficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate in the Minho region of Portugal the iodine status of women throughout pregnancy and after delivery, and of their offspring.
Urinary iodine concentration (UI) was determined in 78 nonpregnant premenopausal women, in 140 pregnant women in the three trimesters of pregnancy and after delivery, and in their 142 offspring. Milk iodine concentration was determined at day 3 and 3 months after delivery. The thyroid volume was determined in women in the third trimester of pregnancy and 3 months after delivery and in infants at 3 months of age.
Based on the World Health Organization criteria, both nonpregnant and pregnant women had iodine deficiency (ID), as documented by median UI of <75 microg/L and milk iodine concentration of <100 microg/L. Goiter was observed in 14% of the pregnant women. Concordant with the mother's ID, median neonatal UI was low (71 and 97 microg/L at 3 days and 3 months of age).
Portuguese women of the Minho region have an inadequate iodine intake, which may compromise the potential for full psychomotor development of their progeny. These observations suggest that iodine supplementation should be implemented throughout pregnancy and lactation in Portugal.
鉴于碘对后代心理运动能力的公认影响，孕期碘充足尤为必要。葡萄牙在2004年被国际碘缺乏病控制理事会认为可能已实现碘充足，但近期尚无关于该国碘状况或碘补充情况的报告。本研究的目的是评估葡萄牙米尼奥地区女性孕期及产后以及其后代的碘状况。
测定了78名未怀孕的绝经前女性、140名孕期三个阶段及产后的孕妇及其142名后代的尿碘浓度（UI）。在产后第3天和3个月测定了母乳碘浓度。测定了孕晚期女性、产后3个月的女性以及3个月大婴儿的甲状腺体积。
根据世界卫生组织标准，未怀孕和怀孕女性均存在碘缺乏（ID），尿碘中位数<75微克/升和母乳碘浓度<100微克/升证明了这一点。14%的孕妇出现甲状腺肿。与母亲的碘缺乏情况一致，新生儿尿碘中位数较低（3天和3个月大时分别为71和97微克/升）。
葡萄牙米尼奥地区的女性碘摄入量不足，这可能会影响其后代充分的心理运动发育潜力。这些观察结果表明，葡萄牙应在整个孕期和哺乳期实施碘补充。
