Jang Soong-Nang, Choi Yong-Jun, Kim Dong-Hyun
Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
J Biosoc Sci. 2009 Mar;41(2):207-19. doi: 10.1017/S0021932008003052. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
This study sought to determine which factors among the indicators of socioeconomic status have the most influence on physical, mental and social functions, and on subjective well-being, all of which are components of successful ageing. A representative random sample of 1825 persons aged 65 years or older was surveyed by face-to-face interview. Socioeconomic status was measured by educational level, family household income, personal income and property ownership. The factors measured were chronic diseases, activities of daily living (ADL) for physical functioning, history of mental disease, Mini-Mental Status Examination questionnaire (MMSE) scores for mental functioning, social activity participation per week for social functioning, and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) for subjective well-being. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Education level was the most important factor in physical and mental functioning, whereas personal income was the most important in social functioning. Educational level, household income and personal income were significantly associated with subjective well-being as assessed by PGCMS scores. Subjects who demonstrated successful ageing were more likely to have a higher education and higher personal income. The results point to the importance of focusing on disparities in each component of successful ageing, which may point to appropriate health-promotion strategies for eliminating inequality in successful ageing.
本研究旨在确定社会经济地位指标中的哪些因素对身体、心理和社会功能以及主观幸福感影响最大，而这些都是成功老龄化的组成部分。通过面对面访谈对1825名65岁及以上的具有代表性的随机样本进行了调查。社会经济地位通过教育水平、家庭收入、个人收入和财产所有权来衡量。所测量的因素包括慢性病、身体功能的日常生活活动（ADL）、精神疾病史、心理功能的简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评分、社会功能的每周社会活动参与度以及主观幸福感的费城老年中心士气量表（PGCMS）。进行了多项逻辑回归分析。教育水平是身体和心理功能方面最重要的因素，而个人收入在社会功能方面最重要。教育水平、家庭收入和个人收入与PGCMS评分所评估的主观幸福感显著相关。表现出成功老龄化的受试者更有可能拥有更高的教育水平和更高的个人收入。结果表明关注成功老龄化各组成部分的差异很重要，这可能为消除成功老龄化方面的不平等指明适当的健康促进策略。
