Joseph Djenaba A, Miller Jacqueline W, Wu Xiaocheng, Chen Vivien W, Morris Cyllene R, Goodman Marc T, Villalon-Gomez Jose M, Williams Melanie A, Cress Rosemary D
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10 Suppl):2892-900. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23744.
Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy in the US; up to 93% of anal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus.
Cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2003 from 39 population-based cancer registries were analyzed. The following anal cancer histologies were included in the analysis: squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and small cell/neuroendocrine carcinomas. Incidence rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
From 1998 through 2003, the annual age-adjusted invasive anal cancer incidence rate was 1.5 per 100,000 persons. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histology overall, accounting for 18,105 of 21,395 (84.6%) cases of anal cancer. Women had a higher rate of SCC (1.5 per 100,000) than men (1.0). Whites and blacks had the highest incidence rate (1.3), whereas Asians/Pacific Islanders (API) had the lowest rate (0.3). Incidence rates of anal SCC increased 2.6% per year on average. The majority of SCC cases were diagnosed at the in situ or localized stage (58.1%). API were more likely to be diagnosed with regional or distant stage disease than were other racial/ethnic groups (27.5% and 11.8%, respectively). Males had lower 5-year relative survival than females for all stages of disease.
Rates of anal SCC varied by sex, race, and ethnicity. A higher proportion of API were diagnosed at regional/distant stage. Men had lower 5-year survival rates than women. Continued surveillance and additional research are needed to assess the potential impact of the HPV vaccine on the anal cancer burden in the US.
肛管癌在美国是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤；高达93%的肛管癌与人乳头瘤病毒相关。
对1998年至2003年间从39个基于人群的癌症登记处诊断出的病例进行分析。分析纳入了以下肛管癌组织学类型：鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和小细胞/神经内分泌癌。发病率根据2000年美国标准人群进行年龄调整。
1998年至2003年期间，年龄调整后的肛管浸润癌年发病率为每10万人1.5例。鳞状细胞癌（SCC）是总体上最常见的组织学类型，在21395例肛管癌病例中占18105例（84.6%）。女性SCC发病率（每10万人1.5例）高于男性（每10万人1.0例）。白人和黑人的发病率最高（1.3），而亚裔/太平洋岛民（API）的发病率最低（0.3）。肛管SCC的发病率平均每年增加2.6%。大多数SCC病例在原位或局部阶段被诊断出来（58.1%）。与其他种族/族裔群体相比，API更有可能被诊断为区域或远处阶段疾病（分别为27.5%和11.8%）。在疾病的所有阶段，男性的5年相对生存率低于女性。
肛管SCC的发病率因性别、种族和族裔而异。较高比例的API在区域/远处阶段被诊断出来。男性的5年生存率低于女性。需要持续监测和进一步研究来评估HPV疫苗对美国肛管癌负担的潜在影响。
