Feingold Kenneth R
Metabolism Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
J Lipid Res. 2009 Apr;50 Suppl(Suppl):S417-22. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R800039-JLR200. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
The skin serves the vital function of providing a barrier between the hostile external environment and the host. While the skin has many important barrier functions, the two that are absolutely essential for survival are the barrier to the movement of water and electrolytes (permeability barrier) and the barrier against invasive and toxic microorganisms (antimicrobial barrier). Lipids play an essential role in the formation and maintenance of both the permeability and antimicrobial barriers. A hydrophobic extracellular lipid matrix in the stratum corneum composed primarily of ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids provides the barrier to the movement of water and electrolytes. A variety of lipids, such as fatty alcohols, monoglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and in particular free fatty acids, have antimicrobial activity and contribute to the antimicrobial barrier. In addition to these essential functions, we will also review the ability of skin surface cholesterol to reflect alterations in systemic lipid metabolism and the risk of atherosclerosis.
皮肤起着至关重要的作用，在恶劣的外部环境与宿主之间形成一道屏障。虽然皮肤具有许多重要的屏障功能，但对于生存绝对必不可少的两个功能是对水和电解质移动的屏障（渗透屏障）以及对侵入性和有毒微生物的屏障（抗菌屏障）。脂质在渗透屏障和抗菌屏障的形成与维持中起着至关重要的作用。角质层中主要由神经酰胺、胆固醇和游离脂肪酸组成的疏水性细胞外脂质基质提供了对水和电解质移动的屏障。多种脂质，如脂肪醇、甘油单酯、鞘脂、磷脂，特别是游离脂肪酸，具有抗菌活性并有助于形成抗菌屏障。除了这些基本功能外，我们还将综述皮肤表面胆固醇反映全身脂质代谢变化和动脉粥样硬化风险的能力。
