Banzhoff Angelika, Bröker Michael, Zent Olaf
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH & Co. KG, Emil-von-Behring-Strasse 76, 35041 Marburg, Germany.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2008 Nov;6(6):331-41. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.06.011. Epub 2008 Aug 22.
Once considered a local health issue confined to certain regions in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is now considered an international health concern, and the most important and widespread viral disease transmitted by ticks in Europe. The number of reported TBE cases continues to increase in many endemic regions, and new foci have been identified. Increases in travel, access to high-risk areas, and the pursuit of leisure activities within TBE-endemic areas are placing more people at risk of TBE. Travellers from non-endemic regions are often unaware of the risk of acquiring TBE and therefore many travellers are not protected against TBE. Active immunization is the most effective way to avoid TBE and its potentially life-threatening sequelae. After a tick bite, no post-exposure treatment including active/passive vaccination is available or recommended in the immunologically naive patient. Available vaccines have undergone a series of modifications and improvement in both composition (with special formulations for children) and schedules to further enhance the safety of immunization and to meet the needs of vaccinees. Efforts to develop internationally recognized recommendations for TBE vaccination for travellers are underway.
蜱传脑炎（TBE）曾被认为是局限于俄罗斯以及中东欧某些地区的局部健康问题，如今已被视为一个国际卫生问题，是欧洲由蜱传播的最重要且分布最广的病毒性疾病。在许多流行地区，蜱传脑炎报告病例数持续增加，并且已发现新的疫源地。旅行活动增加、进入高风险地区以及在蜱传脑炎流行地区开展休闲活动，使更多人面临感染蜱传脑炎的风险。来自非流行地区的旅行者往往意识不到感染蜱传脑炎的风险，因此许多旅行者未得到蜱传脑炎防护。主动免疫是避免蜱传脑炎及其潜在致命后遗症的最有效方法。蜱叮咬后，对于免疫初免患者，不提供也不建议进行包括主动/被动疫苗接种在内的暴露后治疗。现有的疫苗在成分（有儿童专用配方）和接种程序方面都经过了一系列改进，以进一步提高免疫安全性并满足接种者需求。目前正在努力制定针对旅行者蜱传脑炎疫苗接种的国际认可建议。
