TravelMedCenter Leonding, Austria and Labor Hannover MVZ GmbH, Germany.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2013 Sep-Oct;11(5):295-300. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a vector-borne disease that is primarily transmitted to humans by infected ticks and causes infection of the central nervous system. Clinical presentations range from meningitis to encephalitis with or without myelitis, and infection may result in death or long-term neurological sequelae. TBE is endemic in regions of at least 27 European as well as in some Asian countries. Infection and disease, however, can be averted successfully by tick-bite prevention and active vaccination. The risk of infection has shifted from daily life and occupational exposure to leisure-time activities, including travelling. Outdoor activities during the tick season with contact with nature increase the risk of tick bites. Although the number of travel-associated cases is unknown, it is certainly under-estimated because there is hardly any awareness of TBE in non-endemic countries. Therefore, the majority of cases remain undiagnosed, also because of the lack of diagnostic serology, as there is no routine screening for TBE in non-endemic regions. Because of the increasing number of travellers from TBE non-endemic to endemic regions, and in view of the fact that TBE was included in the list of notifiable diseases in the European Union in September 2012, this disease needs to become an important issue in travel medicine.
蜱传脑炎（TBE）是一种由受感染的蜱传播给人类的虫媒病，会导致中枢神经系统感染。临床表现从脑膜炎到脑炎伴或不伴脊髓炎不等，感染可导致死亡或长期神经后遗症。TBE 在地中海地区、欧洲至少 27 个国家以及一些亚洲国家流行。通过预防蜱叮咬和主动接种疫苗，可以成功预防感染和疾病。感染的风险已经从日常生活和职业暴露转移到了休闲时间活动，包括旅行。在蜱季节进行户外活动并接触大自然会增加蜱叮咬的风险。虽然旅行相关病例的数量未知，但由于在非流行地区几乎没有 TBE 意识，因此肯定被低估了。因此，大多数病例仍未被诊断出来，这也是由于缺乏诊断血清学，因为在非流行地区没有对 TBE 进行常规筛查。由于越来越多的 TBE 非流行地区旅行者前往流行地区，并且鉴于 TBE 已于 2012 年 9 月被列入欧盟法定报告疾病名单，因此这种疾病需要成为旅行医学中的一个重要问题。
