Salamanca Maria J, Jimenez-Tenorio Natalia, Reguera Diana F, Morales-Caselles Carmen, Delvalls T Angel
Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia, CSIC, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2008 Dec;43(14):1592-7. doi: 10.1080/10934520802329836.
A chronic bioassay was carried out under laboratory conditions using juvenile Solea senegalensis to determine the toxicity of contaminants from an oil spill(Prestige). Also, the repair processes in fish affected by contaminants due to oil exposure were evaluated. Over 30 days individuals were exposed to clean sediment (control) and to sediment contaminated by a mixture of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other substances. The physicochemical parameters of the tanks (salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) were controlled during the exposure period. Clean sediment from the Bay of Cadiz (Spain) was used as negative control and was mixed with fuel oil to prepare the dilution (0.5% w:w dry-weight). After the exposure period, fish were labeled and transferred to "clean tanks" (tanks without sediment) in order to study the recovery and the repair processes in the exposed organisms. A biomarker of exposure (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity - EROD activity) and a biomarker of effect (histopathology) were analyzed during the exposure and recovery period. After 10, 20 and 30 days of exposure, individuals showed significant induction (P < 0.05) of the EROD activity and also presented diverse histopathological damages. The analysis of both the biomarkers of exposure and effect, after the 5th and 10th day of recovery in the "clean tank", enabled a first evaluation of the repair process of the induced damages due to the fuel oil exposure. After the recovery phase, control individuals showed a more significant decrease (P < 0.05) of the alteration of the measured biomarkers than in the oil-exposed fish. While in the oil-exposed fish the EROD activity showed some recovery, the histopathological damages did hardly improve. According to our results, tissue repair processes probably need longer recovery periods to observe significant improvement of the affected organs. This will be further investigated in the future.
在实验室条件下，使用塞内加尔鳎幼鱼进行了一项慢性生物测定，以确定来自一次石油泄漏（“威望号”）污染物的毒性。此外，还评估了因接触石油而受污染物影响的鱼类的修复过程。在30多天的时间里，将个体暴露于清洁沉积物（对照）以及受多环芳烃（PAHs）和其他物质混合物污染的沉积物中。在暴露期间，控制水箱的物理化学参数（盐度、温度、pH值和溶解氧）。使用来自西班牙加的斯湾的清洁沉积物作为阴性对照，并与燃料油混合以制备稀释液（0.5%重量比：干重）。暴露期结束后，对鱼进行标记并转移到“清洁水箱”（无沉积物的水箱）中，以研究暴露生物体内的恢复和修复过程。在暴露和恢复期间，分析了一种暴露生物标志物（乙氧基异吩唑酮-O-脱乙基酶活性 - EROD活性）和一种效应生物标志物（组织病理学）。暴露10、20和30天后，个体的EROD活性出现显著诱导（P < 0.05），并且还出现了多种组织病理学损伤。在“清洁水箱”中恢复第5天和第10天后，对暴露和效应生物标志物进行分析，从而对因燃料油暴露引起的诱导损伤的修复过程进行了首次评估。恢复阶段后，对照个体的测量生物标志物变化的下降比石油暴露鱼更显著（P < 0.05）。虽然石油暴露鱼的EROD活性有所恢复，但组织病理学损伤几乎没有改善。根据我们的结果，组织修复过程可能需要更长的恢复期才能观察到受影响器官的显著改善。这将在未来进一步研究。
