Gazelle Heidi
Department of Pyschology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2008 Nov;44(6):1604-24. doi: 10.1037/a0013303.
Consistent with a holistic perspective emphasizing the integration of multiple individual characteristics within child systems, it was hypothesized that subgroups of anxious solitary (AS) children characterized by agreeableness, behavioral normality, attention-seeking-immaturity, and externalizing behaviors would demonstrate heterogeneity in peer relations and dyadic friendships. Sociometrics were collected for 688 3rd-grade children (mean age = 8.66 years, 51.5% female), and recess observations were obtained for a subset of 163 children. Results revealed that agreeable AS children demonstrated significantly superior relational adaptation relative to other AS children, whereas normative, attention-seeking-immature, and externalizing AS children demonstrated increasing relational adversity. Attention-seeking-immature AS children engaged in particularly high rates of directed solitary behavior and were most ignored by peers. Externalizing AS children were most often victimized by peers. Subgroup differences in sociometric peer adversity were qualified by sex.
与强调儿童系统中多种个体特征整合的整体观点一致,研究假设,以宜人性、行为正常性、寻求关注的不成熟性和外化行为为特征的焦虑孤独(AS)儿童亚组在同伴关系和二元友谊中会表现出异质性。对688名三年级儿童(平均年龄 = 8.66岁,51.5%为女性)进行了社会测量学数据收集,并对163名儿童的子集进行了课间观察。结果显示,与其他AS儿童相比,宜人性AS儿童表现出显著更优的关系适应能力,而规范性、寻求关注的不成熟性和外化性AS儿童则表现出越来越多的关系逆境。寻求关注的不成熟性AS儿童表现出特别高的定向孤独行为发生率,并且最被同伴忽视。外化性AS儿童最常成为同伴的受害者。社会测量学中同伴逆境的亚组差异因性别而异。