Browne Wesley R, Feringa Ben L
Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2009;60:407-28. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.040808.090423.
Smart surfaces, surfaces that respond to an external stimulus in a defined manner, hold considerable potential as components in molecular-based devices, not least as discrete switching elements. Many stimuli can be used to switch surfaces between different states, including redox, light, pH, and ion triggers. The present review focuses on molecular switching through the electronic excitation of molecules on surfaces with light. In developing light-responsive surfaces, investigators face several challenges, not only in achieving high photostationary states and fully reversible switching, but also in dealing with fatigue resistance and the effect of immobilization itself on molecular properties. The immobilization of light-responsive molecules requires the design and synthesis of functional molecular components both to achieve light switching and to anchor the molecular entity onto a surface. This review discusses several demonstrative examples of photoswitchable molecular systems in which the photochemistry has been explored in the immobilized state under ambient conditions and especially on electroactive surfaces, including self-assembled monolayers, bilayers, and polymer films.
智能表面，即能以特定方式响应外部刺激的表面，作为基于分子的器件中的组件具有巨大潜力，尤其是作为离散开关元件。许多刺激可用于在不同状态之间切换表面，包括氧化还原、光、pH值和离子触发。本综述聚焦于通过光对表面分子进行电子激发来实现分子开关。在开发光响应表面时，研究人员面临若干挑战，不仅要实现高光稳态和完全可逆的切换，还要应对抗疲劳性以及固定化本身对分子性质的影响。光响应分子的固定化需要设计和合成功能性分子组件，以实现光开关并将分子实体锚定在表面上。本综述讨论了几个可光开关分子系统的示范示例，其中光化学已在环境条件下的固定状态下进行了探索，特别是在电活性表面上，包括自组装单分子层、双分子层和聚合物薄膜。
