Zhao Lun, Bentin Shlomo
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2008 Dec;15(6):1093-9. doi: 10.3758/PBR.15.6.1093.
We investigated how visual experience with faces of a particular race affects subordinate group-level categorizations in Chinese and Israeli participants living in the respective countries. Categorization of faces by race, gender, and age was examined within subjects with participants who had only minimal experience with the other-race faces. As would be predicted by the previously documented other-race advantage effect, both Chinese and Israeli participants classified the race of the face more quickly and more accurately for other-race than for own-race faces. In contrast, the observers' race did not interact with the race of the rated face either for gender or for age categorization. The absence of these interactions suggests that the physiognomic characteristics that determine the gender and age of a face are universal, rather than race specific. Furthermore, these data suggest that determining the race of a face is not imposed as a first step in face processing, preempting the perception of other category-defining physiognomic characteristics.
我们研究了对特定种族面孔的视觉体验如何影响生活在各自国家的中国和以色列参与者对从属群体层面的分类。我们在对其他种族面孔仅有极少体验的参与者中，对种族、性别和年龄的面孔分类进行了受试者内研究。正如之前记录的其他种族优势效应所预测的那样，中国和以色列参与者对其他种族面孔的种族分类比对自己种族面孔的分类更快、更准确。相比之下，观察者的种族在性别或年龄分类方面与被评定面孔的种族没有相互作用。这些相互作用的缺失表明，决定面孔性别和年龄的相貌特征是普遍的，而非特定于种族。此外，这些数据表明，确定面孔的种族并非面部处理的第一步，不会优先于对其他定义类别相貌特征的感知。
