Rhodes Gillian, Hayward William G, Winkler Christopher
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Jun;13(3):499-505. doi: 10.3758/bf03193876.
Configural and holistic coding are hallmarks of face perception. Although recent studies have shown that own-race faces are coded more holistically than other-race faces, the evidence for better configural coding of own-race faces is equivocal. We directly measured configural and component coding of own- and other-race male faces in Caucasian and Chinese participants. We manipulated individual features (components) or their spatial relations (configurations) using a novel morphing method to vary difficulty parametrically and tested sensitivity to these changes in a sequential matching task. Both configural and component coding were better for upright own-race than for upright other-race faces. Inversion impaired detection of configural changes more than it did detection of component changes, but also impaired performance more for easier discriminations, independent of type of change. These results challenge explanations of face expertise that rely solely on configural and holistic processing, and also call into question the widespread interpretation of large inversion decrements as diagnostic of configural coding.
构型编码和整体编码是面部感知的标志。尽管最近的研究表明，本族面孔比其他种族面孔的编码更具整体性，但关于本族面孔具有更好构型编码的证据并不明确。我们直接测量了白种人和中国参与者对本族和其他种族男性面孔的构型编码和成分编码。我们使用一种新颖的变形方法来操纵个体特征（成分）或其空间关系（构型），以参数方式改变难度，并在顺序匹配任务中测试对这些变化的敏感性。对于直立的本族面孔，构型编码和成分编码都比对直立的其他种族面孔更好。倒置对构型变化检测的损害比对成分变化检测的损害更大，但对于较容易的辨别，倒置对性能的损害也更大，且与变化类型无关。这些结果挑战了仅依赖构型和整体加工的面部专长解释，也对将大幅倒置效应广泛解释为构型编码的诊断提出了质疑。
