Kazner C, Lehnberg K, Kovalova L, Wintgens T, Melin T, Hollender J, Dott W
Department of Chemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Turmstrasse 46, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
Water Sci Technol. 2008;58(8):1699-706. doi: 10.2166/wst.2008.542.
Direct capillary nanofiltration also in combination with an upstream powdered activated carbon treatment was tested for high quality water reuse of tertiary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Two endocrine disruptors (BPA and EE2) and two cytostatics (CytR and 5-FU) were spiked in concentrations of 1 to 2 microg/L to evaluate the process performance. In direct NF the real total removal of the micropollutants was between 5 and 40%. Adsorption to the membrane played a major role leading to a seemingly total removal between 35 and 70%. Addition of powdered activated carbon and lignite coke dust largely reduced the influence from adsorption to the membrane and increased the total removal to >95 to 99.9% depending on the PAC type and dose. The cytostatics showed already in direct NF a very high removal due to unspecified losses. Further investigations are ongoing to understand the underlying mechanism. The PAC/NF process provided a consistently high permeate quality with respect to bulk and trace organics.
直接毛细管纳滤与上游粉末活性炭处理相结合，用于城市污水处理厂三级出水的高品质水回用测试。将两种内分泌干扰物（双酚A和雌二醇）和两种细胞抑制剂（阿糖胞苷和5-氟尿嘧啶）以1至2微克/升的浓度加入，以评估该工艺性能。在直接纳滤中，微污染物的实际总去除率在5%至40%之间。膜吸附起主要作用，导致看似总去除率在35%至70%之间。添加粉末活性炭和褐煤焦尘在很大程度上降低了膜吸附的影响，并根据PAC类型和剂量将总去除率提高到>95%至99.9%。由于未明确的损失，细胞抑制剂在直接纳滤中已显示出非常高的去除率。正在进行进一步研究以了解潜在机制。PAC/纳滤工艺在处理大量和痕量有机物方面始终提供高质量的渗透液。
