Harris Jason T, Miller David W
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Health Phys. 2008 Dec;95(6):734-43. doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000324201.89669.30.
Commercial nuclear power plants release gaseous and liquid radiological effluents into the environment as by-products of electrical generation. In the U.S. these releases are monitored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) and Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Traditionally these releases have always been well below the regulatory limits. However, the tracking and analysis of nuclear power radiological effluents was stopped in 1994 by several government agencies. The purpose of this study was to compile the entire U.S. industry effluent data, identify trends, and calculate average population dose commitments since that time. Data were taken from radioactive material release reports submitted by each nuclear power plant. Industry trends were identified using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Total collective effective and population doses were estimated using UNSCEAR and U.S. NRC methodologies. Overall, industry releases have been level over the study time period. Public doses continue to be well below 1% of the regulatory limits.
商业核电站作为发电的副产品，会向环境中排放气态和液态放射性流出物。在美国，这些排放由核管理委员会（美国核管理委员会）和环境保护局（美国环境保护局）进行监测。传统上，这些排放一直远低于监管限值。然而，1994年几个政府机构停止了对核电放射性流出物的跟踪和分析。本研究的目的是汇编整个美国行业流出物数据，识别趋势，并计算自那时以来的平均人口剂量承诺。数据取自每个核电站提交的放射性物质释放报告。使用曼-肯德尔非参数检验确定行业趋势。使用联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会和美国核管理委员会的方法估算了总集体有效剂量和人口剂量。总体而言，在研究时间段内行业排放一直保持平稳。公众剂量继续远低于监管限值的1%。
