Gillespie Thomas R, Nunn Charles L, Leendertz Fabian H
Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008;Suppl 47:53-69. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20949.
The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and nonhuman primates, coupled with the exponential expansion of human populations and human activities within primate habitats, has resulted in exceptionally high potential for pathogen exchange. Emerging infectious diseases are a consequence of this process that has the capacity to threaten global health and drive primate population declines. Integration of standardized empirical data collection, state-of-the-art diagnostics, and the comparative approach offers the opportunity to create a baseline for patterns of infection in wild primate populations; to better understand the role of disease in primate ecology, behavior, and evolution; and to examine how anthropogenic effects alter the zoonotic potential of various pathogenic organisms. We review these technologies and approaches, including noninvasive sampling in field conditions, and we identify ways in which integrative research activities are likely to fuel future discoveries in primate disease ecology. In addition to considering applied aspects of disease research in primate health and conservation, we review how these approaches are shedding light on parasite biodiversity and the drivers of disease risk across primate species.
人类与非人类灵长类动物之间密切的系统发育关系，再加上人类种群的指数级增长以及人类在灵长类动物栖息地内活动的增加，导致病原体交换的可能性极高。新发传染病就是这一过程的结果，它有能力威胁全球健康并导致灵长类动物种群数量下降。整合标准化的实证数据收集、最先进的诊断方法以及比较方法，为建立野生灵长类动物种群感染模式的基线提供了机会；有助于更好地理解疾病在灵长类动物生态、行为和进化中的作用；并能研究人为影响如何改变各种致病生物的人畜共患病潜力。我们回顾了这些技术和方法，包括野外条件下的非侵入性采样，并确定了综合研究活动可能推动灵长类动物疾病生态学未来发现的方式。除了考虑疾病研究在灵长类动物健康和保护方面的应用外，我们还回顾了这些方法如何揭示寄生虫生物多样性以及跨灵长类物种疾病风险的驱动因素。
