Adolfo Amy B, AhnAllen Christopher G, Tidey Jennifer W
Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies and Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2009 Feb;107(2-3):192-7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.10.009. Epub 2008 Nov 8.
Cigarette smoking and caffeine use are established and problematic drug-use behaviors in people with schizophrenia. Associative links between drugs of abuse may occur but the relationship between caffeine use and cigarette smoking has received little attention in schizophrenia. In this cross-cue reactivity laboratory study, we examined the effects of neutral and smoking cues on craving for caffeinated beverages in participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SS; n=15) and non-psychiatric controls (CS; n=18) all of whom were heavy smokers and daily caffeine users. Participants were tested under non-abstinent and 5-hour abstinent conditions. SS tended to report greater daily levels of caffeine use than CS. Although this difference was not significant, that may be due to the small sample sizes as the size of this effect was large. Daily caffeine intake was significantly correlated with daily smoking rate in SS but not CS. A significant interaction between group and cue type after controlling for caffeine intake indicated that exposure to smoking cues increased urge for caffeinated beverages in SS but not CS. These results indicate support for associative connections between cigarette smoking cues and craving for caffeine in smokers with schizophrenia.
吸烟和使用咖啡因是精神分裂症患者中既存且成问题的药物使用行为。滥用药物之间可能存在关联，但在精神分裂症患者中，咖啡因使用与吸烟之间的关系很少受到关注。在这项交叉线索反应性实验室研究中，我们考察了中性线索和吸烟线索对精神分裂症或分裂情感性障碍患者（SS组；n = 15）以及非精神科对照者（CS组；n = 18）对含咖啡因饮料渴望程度的影响，所有参与者均为重度吸烟者且每天都使用咖啡因。参与者在非禁戒和禁戒5小时的条件下接受测试。SS组报告的每日咖啡因使用量往往高于CS组。尽管这种差异不显著，这可能是由于样本量较小，因为这种效应的规模较大。在SS组中，每日咖啡因摄入量与每日吸烟率显著相关，但在CS组中并非如此。在控制咖啡因摄入量后，组和线索类型之间存在显著交互作用，表明接触吸烟线索会增加SS组对含咖啡因饮料的渴望，但CS组不会。这些结果表明，精神分裂症吸烟者中吸烟线索与对咖啡因的渴望之间存在关联。
