Tilt Bryan, Braun Yvonne, He Daming
Oregon State University, Department of Anthropology, Corvallis, OR 97331-6403, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Jul;90 Suppl 3:S249-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.030. Epub 2008 Nov 12.
This paper applies the tool of social impact assessment (SIA) to understand the effects of large dam projects on human communities. We draw upon data from two recent SIA projects: the Lesotho Highlands Water Project in Southern Africa, and the Manwan Dam, located on the upper Mekong River in southwestern China. These two cases allow us to examine the social impacts of large dam projects through time and across various geographical scales. We focus on a range of social impacts common to many large-scale dam projects, including: the migration and resettlement of people near the dam sites; changes in the rural economy and employment structure; effects on infrastructure and housing; impacts on non-material or cultural aspects of life; and impacts on community health and gender relations. By identifying potential impacts in advance of a large dam project, agencies and policymakers can make better decisions about which interventions should be undertaken, and how. We conclude our analysis with an overview of lessons learned from the case studies and suggestions for best practice in assessing the social impacts of large dams. Conducting proper social impact assessments can help to promote development strategies that address the most important concerns for local populations, enhancing the long-term sustainability of dam projects.
本文运用社会影响评估（SIA）工具来了解大型水坝项目对人类社区的影响。我们借鉴了最近两个社会影响评估项目的数据：位于非洲南部的莱索托高地水利项目，以及位于中国西南部湄公河上游的漫湾水电站。这两个案例使我们能够在不同时间和地理尺度上审视大型水坝项目的社会影响。我们关注许多大型水坝项目常见的一系列社会影响，包括：坝址附近居民的迁移和重新安置；农村经济和就业结构的变化；对基础设施和住房的影响；对生活非物质或文化方面的影响；以及对社区健康和性别关系的影响。通过在大型水坝项目实施前识别潜在影响，机构和政策制定者可以更好地决定应采取哪些干预措施以及如何实施。我们在分析结尾概述了从案例研究中吸取的经验教训以及评估大型水坝社会影响的最佳实践建议。进行适当的社会影响评估有助于推动解决当地居民最重要关切的发展战略，增强水坝项目长期的可持续性。
