Boillat N, Frochaux V
Centre de maladies infectieuses et epidémiologie, Institut central des hôpitaux valaisans 86, avenue Grand-Champsec, 1950, Sion.
Rev Med Suisse. 2008 Oct 8;4(174):2149-52, 2154-5.
Animal bites, mostly dog bites, often require an emergency department visit, but are often mistakenly considered innocuous. Indeed, bite wounds can lead to an handicap as well as become infected, mostly with the oral flora of the biting animal (Pasteurella, Capnocytophaga, Eikennella, streptococci, staphylococci and anaerobic bacteria). Bites can also cause other infections like tetanus, rabies, cat scratch disease, tularemia, leptospirosis, rat-bite fever and plague. The management of bite wounds includes prophylactic (antimicrobial prophylaxis, tetanus and rabies immunization) and therapeutic aspects (local treatment and antimicrobial therapy).
动物咬伤，多数为狗咬伤，常常需要前往急诊科就诊，但往往被错误地认为无害。事实上，咬伤伤口可能导致残疾并发生感染，主要感染源为咬人的动物口腔中的菌群（巴斯德菌、二氧化碳嗜纤维菌、艾肯菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌和厌氧菌）。咬伤还可能引发其他感染，如破伤风、狂犬病、猫抓病、兔热病、钩端螺旋体病、鼠咬热和鼠疫。咬伤伤口的处理包括预防性措施（抗菌预防、破伤风和狂犬病免疫接种）和治疗性措施（局部处理和抗菌治疗）。
