Pollack Judith K, Harris Steven D, Marten Mark R
Dept. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2009 Jan;46(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.10.010. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
Autophagy is a ubiquitous, non-selective degradation process in eukaryotic cells that is conserved from yeast to man. Autophagy research has increased significantly in the last ten years, as autophagy has been connected with cancer, neurodegenerative disease and various human developmental processes. Autophagy also appears to play an important role in filamentous fungi, impacting growth, morphology and development. In this review, an autophagy model developed for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as an intellectual framework to discuss autophagy in filamentous fungi. Studies imply that, similar to yeast, fungal autophagy is characterized by the presence of autophagosomes and controlled by Tor kinase. In addition, fungal autophagy is apparently involved in protection against cell death and has significant effects on cellular growth and development. However, the only putative autophagy proteins characterized in filamentous fungi are Atg1 and Atg8. We discuss various strategies used to study and monitor fungal autophagy as well as the possible relationship between autophagy, physiology, and morphological development.
自噬是真核细胞中一种普遍存在的非选择性降解过程，从酵母到人类都保守存在。在过去十年中，自噬研究显著增加，因为自噬与癌症、神经退行性疾病以及各种人类发育过程有关。自噬在丝状真菌中似乎也起着重要作用，影响其生长、形态和发育。在本综述中，为酿酒酵母建立的自噬模型被用作一个知识框架来讨论丝状真菌中的自噬。研究表明，与酵母类似，真菌自噬的特征是存在自噬体，并受雷帕霉素靶蛋白激酶（Tor激酶）控制。此外，真菌自噬显然参与了对细胞死亡的保护，并对细胞生长和发育有显著影响。然而，在丝状真菌中唯一被鉴定的假定自噬蛋白是Atg1和Atg8。我们讨论了用于研究和监测真菌自噬的各种策略，以及自噬、生理学和形态发育之间可能的关系。
