Zimmermann Robert, Lass Achim, Haemmerle Guenter, Zechner Rudolf
Insitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Jun;1791(6):494-500. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.10.005. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
Lipolysis, the coordinated catabolism of triacylglycerol (TG) stored in cellular lipid droplets, provides fatty acids, di-, and monoglycerides. These products are important energy substrates, precursors for other lipids, or lipid signaling molecules. Following their discovery by Hollenberg, C.H., Raben, M.S., and Astwood, E.B.(1961) and Vaughan, M., Berger, J.E., and Steinberg, D. (1964), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoacylglycerol lipase stayed in the focus of research for three decades. Within the last decade, however, it became evident that the lipolytic pathway is incompletely understood. Studies on the regulation of lipolysis and the characterization of HSL-deficient mice indicated that additional previously unrecognized factors that contribute to fat catabolism must exist. This led to the discovery of the perilipin, adipophilin, Tip47 (PAT) family of lipid droplet binding proteins and the identification of a novel TG hydrolase named adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). This review focuses on the importance of ATGL as TG lipase within the "lipolytic machinery" and the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that regulate ATGL activity.
脂解作用是细胞内脂滴中储存的三酰甘油（TG）的协同分解代谢过程，可产生脂肪酸、甘油二酯和甘油单酯。这些产物是重要的能量底物、其他脂质的前体或脂质信号分子。在被霍伦伯格、拉本和阿斯特伍德（1961年）以及沃恩、伯杰和斯坦伯格（1964年）发现后，激素敏感性脂肪酶（HSL）和单酰甘油脂肪酶在长达三十年的时间里一直是研究的焦点。然而，在过去十年中，人们逐渐认识到脂解途径尚未被完全理解。对脂解作用调节的研究以及对HSL缺陷小鼠的特征分析表明，必定存在其他先前未被认识到的有助于脂肪分解代谢的因素。这促使人们发现了脂滴结合蛋白的围脂滴蛋白、脂肪亲和素、Tip47（PAT）家族，并鉴定出一种名为脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL）的新型TG水解酶。本综述重点关注ATGL作为“脂解机制”中TG脂肪酶的重要性以及调节ATGL活性的分子机制的现有知识。
