Iliescu C, Béghin L, Maes L, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Libersa C, Vereecken C, Gonzalez-Gross M, Kersting M, Molnar D, Leclercq C, Sjöström M, Manios Y, Wildhalm K, Kafatos A, Moreno L A, Gottrand F
CIC 9301 CH&U-Inserm Lille, Lille, France.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Nov;32 Suppl 5:S19-25. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.178.
Environmental factors such as dietary habits, breastfeeding, socioeconomic conditions and educational factors are strong influences on nutritional and puberty status, physical activity, food choices and their interactions. Several diseases of adulthood seem to be linked to, or to originate from, lifestyle in childhood and adolescence.
The aims of this study are to describe birth parameters and socioeconomic factors and to assess clinical status in adolescents aged 13-16 years from 10 European countries participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Cross-Sectional Study (CSS).
A self-report questionnaire on the socioeconomic status, a parental questionnaire concerning neonatal period and also a case report form (CRF), in which clinical items during clinical examination (such as medical history, treatments, anthropometry, Tanner staging, blood pressure, heart rate) were assessed. To develop these documents, first a list of items was established, a search of existing documents was performed and the advice of local and international experts was taken. All documents (questionnaires and an operations manual) were discussed in plenary HELENA meetings; a final version of these documents was fixed, and the process of translation and back translation was performed.
The questionnaires and CRF were tested for validation in all 10 participant cities; 208 adolescents were enrolled during the pilot study. All items that caused problems or questions in one or more participating centers or were completed by < 85% of the adolescents were reviewed before the beginning of the HELENA-CSS.
These final questionnaires and CRF will contribute to better understanding of the inequalities in nutrition, behavior and health in the European adolescent population. The experience and process should be useful for other multicenter studies.
饮食习惯、母乳喂养、社会经济状况和教育因素等环境因素对营养与青春期状态、身体活动、食物选择及其相互作用有着重大影响。成年期的一些疾病似乎与儿童期和青少年期的生活方式有关联，或者源自这些时期的生活方式。
本研究旨在描述出生参数和社会经济因素，并评估来自10个欧洲国家的13至16岁青少年的临床状况，这些国家参与了欧洲青少年营养健康生活方式（HELENA）横断面研究（CSS）。
采用一份关于社会经济状况的自我报告问卷、一份关于新生儿期的家长问卷以及一份病例报告表（CRF），其中对临床检查期间的临床项目（如病史、治疗、人体测量、坦纳分期、血压、心率）进行评估。为制定这些文件，首先列出项目清单，检索现有文件，并征求当地和国际专家的意见。所有文件（问卷和操作手册）在HELENA全体会议上进行了讨论；确定了这些文件的最终版本，并进行了翻译和回译过程。
在所有10个参与城市对问卷和CRF进行了验证测试；在试点研究期间招募了208名青少年。在HELENA-CSS开始之前，对在一个或多个参与中心引起问题或疑问或完成率低于85%的青少年的所有项目进行了审查。
这些最终问卷和CRF将有助于更好地了解欧洲青少年人群在营养、行为和健康方面的不平等现象。该经验和过程对其他多中心研究应会有所帮助。
