Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Heinstueck 11, D-44225 Dortmund, Germany.
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Dec;14(12):2083-91. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001352. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
To build up sufficient knowledge of a 'healthy diet'. Here, we report on the assessment of nutritional knowledge using a uniform method in a large sample of adolescents across Europe.
A cross-sectional study.
The European multicentre HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study conducted in 2006-2007 in ten cities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece (one inland and one island city), Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden.
A total of 3546 adolescents (aged 12·5-17·5 years) completed a validated nutritional knowledge test (NKT). Socio-economic variables and anthropometric data were considered as potential confounders.
NKT scores increased with age and girls had higher scores compared with boys (62% v. 59%; P < 0·0001). Scores were approximately 10% lower in 'immigrant' adolescents or in adolescents with 'immigrant' mothers. Misconceptions with respect to the sugar content in food or in beverages were found. Overall, there was no correlation between BMI values and NKT scores. After categorization according to BMI, scores increased significantly with BMI group only in boys. These differences disappeared after controlling for socio-economic status (SES). Smoking status and educational level of the mother influenced the NKT scores significantly in boys, as well as the educational levels of both parents in girls.
Nutritional knowledge was modest in our sample. Interventions should be focused on the lower SES segments of the population. They should be initiated at a younger age and should be combined with environmental prevention (e.g. healthy meals in school canteens).
建立足够的“健康饮食”知识。在这里，我们报告了使用统一方法在欧洲各地大量青少年中评估营养知识的情况。
横断面研究。
欧洲多中心 HELENA（青少年营养与欧洲健康生活方式）研究于 2006-2007 年在奥地利、比利时、法国、德国、希腊（一个内陆城市和一个岛屿城市）、匈牙利、意大利、西班牙和瑞典的十个城市进行。
共有 3546 名青少年（年龄 12.5-17.5 岁）完成了经过验证的营养知识测试（NKT）。社会经济变量和人体测量数据被认为是潜在的混杂因素。
NKT 分数随年龄增长而增加，女孩的分数高于男孩（62%比 59%；P<0.0001）。“移民”青少年或母亲为“移民”的青少年的分数约低 10%。发现了关于食物或饮料中糖含量的误解。总体而言，BMI 值与 NKT 分数之间没有相关性。根据 BMI 进行分类后，只有男孩的 BMI 组分数显著增加。这些差异在控制社会经济地位（SES）后消失。男孩的吸烟状况和母亲的教育水平以及女孩的父母双方的教育水平均显著影响 NKT 分数。
我们样本中的营养知识水平适中。干预措施应针对人口中 SES 较低的群体。它们应该在更年轻的时候开始，并与环境预防（例如学校食堂的健康餐）相结合。
