Taylor Julie, Green Lorraine
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2008 Dec;17(23):3226-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02633.x.
This paper examines the hitherto mostly unrecognised relationship between gender, health and children; its significance for nursing practice and how it has been considered in nursing research.
Holistic nursing practice with children requires adequate assessment and consideration of all potential influences on children's lives. Socioeconomic disparities have received widespread attention and gender inequalities in adult health have been studied in some depth. The links between gender, health and children, however, have received little consideration. The paper first considers this context in depth; it then applies the context to research in practice.
Systematic review.
A systematic literature search was undertaken on four mainstream nursing research journals over 38 months up to February 2007. A total of 567 articles met the key word searches. Duplicates, opinion pieces and articles not focusing on children were removed. The remaining 23 nursing studies relevant to child health were examined for their gender sensitivity.
Full consideration of gender issues was found largely to be absent in nursing research on children. Eight studies gave specific consideration to gender relevance, where boys and girls may have responded differently to care. Only six studies specifically addressed gender sensitivity. Allowing children a voice, however, was a strength in these studies, with 18 reflecting children's views directly.
Major gaps still exist in research and theorisation relating to children, health and gender. These need to be acknowledged and investigated, particularly in relation to how they might impact on nursing care.
Nursing practice and research needs to account for all potential health issues, of which gender may often be important.
本文探讨了性别、健康与儿童之间迄今为止大多未被认识到的关系；其对护理实践的意义以及在护理研究中是如何被看待的。
对儿童进行整体护理实践需要对所有可能影响儿童生活的因素进行充分评估和考虑。社会经济差异已受到广泛关注，并且对成人健康方面的性别不平等也进行了一定深度的研究。然而，性别、健康与儿童之间的联系却很少受到关注。本文首先深入探讨这一背景；然后将该背景应用于实践研究。
系统综述。
截至2007年2月，在38个月内对四种主流护理研究期刊进行了系统的文献检索。共有567篇文章符合关键词搜索条件。去除重复项、观点文章以及未关注儿童的文章。对其余23项与儿童健康相关的护理研究进行了性别敏感性检查。
发现儿童护理研究在很大程度上缺乏对性别问题的充分考虑。八项研究特别考虑了性别相关性，即男孩和女孩对护理的反应可能不同。只有六项研究专门探讨了性别敏感性。然而，让儿童有发言权是这些研究的一个优点，其中18项研究直接反映了儿童的观点。
在与儿童、健康和性别相关的研究及理论构建方面仍然存在重大差距。这些差距需要得到承认和研究，特别是关于它们如何可能影响护理。
护理实践和研究需要考虑所有潜在的健康问题，其中性别往往可能很重要。
