Dennis E A, Rhee S G, Billah M M, Hannun Y A
Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
FASEB J. 1991 Apr;5(7):2068-77. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.5.7.1901288.
Many lipids or lipid-derived products generated by phospholipases acting on phospholipids in membranes are implicated as mediators and second messengers in signal transduction. Our current understanding of the primary sequence relationships within the class of extracellular phospholipase A2's and among the numerous forms of the mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C's is reviewed. New results suggesting roles for these phospholipases as well as other phospholipases such as phospholipase C and D acting on phosphatidlycholine in generating arachidonic acid for eicosanoid biosynthesis, inositol phosphates for Ca2+ mobilization, and diglyceride for protein kinase C activation through receptor-mediated processes, are discussed. In addition, the possible role of phospholipases acting on sphingolipids such as sphinglomyelinase in generating lipid mediators is considered.
许多由磷脂酶作用于膜中的磷脂所产生的脂质或脂质衍生产品，被认为是信号转导中的介质和第二信使。本文综述了我们目前对细胞外磷脂酶A2类以及哺乳动物磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C的多种形式之间一级序列关系的理解。讨论了新的研究结果，这些结果表明这些磷脂酶以及其他磷脂酶（如作用于磷脂酰胆碱的磷脂酶C和D）在通过受体介导的过程中，为类花生酸生物合成生成花生四烯酸、为钙离子动员生成肌醇磷酸以及为蛋白激酶C激活生成二酰甘油方面所起的作用。此外，还考虑了作用于鞘脂（如鞘磷脂酶）的磷脂酶在生成脂质介质方面的可能作用。
