Stranger M, Potgieter-Vermaak S S, Van Grieken R
Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Jan 15;407(3):1182-92. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.019. Epub 2008 Nov 14.
This comprehensive study, a first in Flanders, Belgium, aimed at characterizing the residential indoor air quality of subgroups that took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS I-1991 and ECHRS II-1996) questionnaire-based asthma and related illnesses studies. This pilot study aimed at the evaluation of particulate matter and various inorganic gaseous compounds in residences in Antwerp. In addition personal exposure to the gaseous compounds of one individual per residence was assessed. The main objective was to obtain some base-line pollutant levels and compare these with studies performed in other cities, to estimate the indoor air quality in residences in Antwerp. Correlations between the various pollutant levels, indoor:outdoor ratios and the micro-environments of each residence were investigated. This paper presents results on indoor and ambient PM(1), PM(2.5) and PM(10) mass concentrations, its elemental composition in terms of K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Pb, Al, Si, S and Cl and the water-soluble ionic concentrations in terms of SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(2-), Cl(-), NH(4)(+) K(+), Ca(2+). In addition, indoor, ambient and personal exposure levels of the gases NO2, SO2, and O3 were determined. Elevated indoor:outdoor ratios were found for NO2 in residences containing gas stoves. In smoker's houses increased PM concentrations of 58 and 43% were found for the fine and coarse fractions respectively. Contrary to the fact that all I/O ratios of the registered elements in each individual house were significantly correlated to each other, no correlation could be established between the I/O ratios of the different houses, thus indicating a unique micro-environment for each residence. Linear relationships between the particulate matter elemental composition, SO2 and O3 levels indoors and outdoors could be established. No linear relationships between indoor and outdoor NO2 and particulate mass concentrations were found.
这项全面的研究是比利时弗拉芒地区的首次此类研究，旨在描述参与欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查（ECRHS I - 1991和ECHRS II - 1996）基于问卷的哮喘及相关疾病研究的亚组人群的住宅室内空气质量。这项试点研究旨在评估安特卫普住宅中的颗粒物和各种无机气态化合物。此外，还评估了每户住宅中一人对气态化合物的个人暴露情况。主要目的是获取一些基线污染物水平，并将其与其他城市进行的研究相比较，以估算安特卫普住宅的室内空气质量。研究了各种污染物水平、室内外比率以及每户住宅的微环境之间的相关性。本文展示了室内和环境空气中PM(1)、PM(2.5)和PM(10)质量浓度的结果，其元素组成包括K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br、Pb、Al、Si、S和Cl，以及水溶性离子浓度，包括SO(4)(2-)、NO(3)(2-)、Cl(-)、NH(4)(+)、K(+)、Ca(2+)。此外，还测定了NO2、SO2和O3气体的室内、环境和个人暴露水平。在装有燃气灶具的住宅中，发现NO2的室内外比率升高。在吸烟者家中，细颗粒物和粗颗粒物的PM浓度分别增加了58%和43%。尽管每栋独立房屋中所有登记元素的I/O比率之间都显著相互关联，但不同房屋的I/O比率之间未发现相关性，这表明每户住宅都有独特的微环境。可以建立室内外颗粒物元素组成、SO2和O3水平之间的线性关系。未发现室内外NO2与颗粒物质量浓度之间的线性关系。
