Kahnberg Karl-Erik, Vannas-Löfqvist Lena
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008 Sep-Oct;23(5):876-84.
The aim of this study was to report the long-term results of a 2-stage sinus lift procedure with autologous bone graft and Astra Tech Tioblast ST implants (Astra Tech, Mölndal, Sweden).
Sinus lift procedures were carried out in 36 patients, 25 unilateral and 11 bilateral. Bone grafts were obtained from the iliac crest, mandibular angle, or chin region. Healing time for bone grafts varied between 4 and 5 months. Implants were allowed to heal for 6 months. The patients were followed in a standardized clinical and radiographic method for up to 5 years. Patients with partial dentition in the maxilla and limited bone volume below the sinus cavity (6 to 7 mm) were consecutively included in the study. Smoking was a contraindication to inclusion in the study unless patients who smoked quit smoking for at least 6 months prior to surgery.
All patients have been successfully restored with fixed complete dentures. There was no implant loss. Radiographic examination showed minor changes in bone graft height (1 to 1.5 mm) over 5 years and moderate bone remodeling (1 to 2 mm over 5 years). Signs of sinus infection appeared in 8 patients. In 4 patients, partial loss of bone graft material occurred.
Two-stage sinus lift procedure with autologous bone graft material in combination with Astra Tech Tioblast ST implants has a predictable outcome. The method is reliable and useful for patients with severe resorption of the posterior maxilla.
本研究旨在报告采用自体骨移植和Astra Tech Tioblast ST种植体（Astra Tech，瑞典默恩达尔）进行两阶段上颌窦提升术的长期效果。
对36例患者进行了上颌窦提升术，其中25例为单侧，11例为双侧。骨移植材料取自髂嵴、下颌角或颏部区域。骨移植的愈合时间在4至5个月之间。种植体愈合6个月。采用标准化的临床和影像学方法对患者进行了长达5年的随访。上颌部分牙列且窦腔下方骨量有限（6至7毫米）的患者被连续纳入本研究。吸烟是纳入本研究的禁忌证，除非吸烟患者在手术前至少戒烟6个月。
所有患者均成功用固定全口义齿修复。无种植体丢失。影像学检查显示，5年间骨移植高度有轻微变化（1至1.5毫米），骨改建中等（5年间1至2毫米）。8例患者出现鼻窦感染迹象。4例患者发生了部分骨移植材料丢失。
采用自体骨移植材料联合Astra Tech Tioblast ST种植体的两阶段上颌窦提升术具有可预测的结果。该方法对严重上颌后牙区吸收的患者可靠且有用。
