Anderson James R, Hattori Yuko, Fujita Kazuo
Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland.
J Comp Psychol. 2008 Nov;122(4):445-8. doi: 10.1037/a0012624.
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were tested on a reverse-reward task involving different quantities of the same food, or an identical quantity of different foods. All monkeys tested first on the qualitative version spontaneously mastered the task, whereas only one of four spontaneously mastered the quantitative version. No monkey reached criterion when the tasks were switched, although almost all did so following remedial procedures after the study. The results suggest that (a) qualitative reverse-reward is easier than quantitative versions of the problem, (b) quality and quantity dimensions are processed differently in food-related tasks, and (c) capuchin monkeys can show rapid and spontaneous learning of reverse-reward contingencies.
卷尾猴（僧帽猴属）接受了一项反向奖励任务测试，该任务涉及相同食物的不同数量，或相同数量的不同食物。所有先在定性版本上进行测试的猴子都能自发掌握该任务，而四只猴子中只有一只自发掌握了定量版本。当任务切换时，没有猴子达到标准，不过在研究后的补救程序后，几乎所有猴子都做到了。结果表明：（a）定性反向奖励比该问题的定量版本更容易；（b）在与食物相关的任务中，质量和数量维度的处理方式不同；（c）卷尾猴能够快速自发地学习反向奖励的意外情况。
