Visalberghi E, Limongelli L
Istituto di Psicologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
J Comp Psychol. 1994 Mar;108(1):15-22. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.108.1.15.
Four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), successful in a tool task in which they used a stick to push a reward out of a tube, were tested in a similar task, with a tube with a hole and a small trap. Depending on where the stick was inserted, the reward was pushed either out of the tube or into the trap. With the trap-tube task, we assessed whether the monkeys understood the cause-effect relation between their behavior and the outcome. In Experiment 1, each subject underwent 14 10-trial blocks with the trap tube. Three subjects performed at chance level. The 4th subject's (Rb) performance improved, reaching 95% success in the last 6 blocks. In Experiment 2, Rb received additional tests to investigate its successful strategy further. Rb solved the trap-tube task by means of a distance-based, associative rule. The performances of the 4 subjects indicate that they did not take into account the effects of their actions on the reward.
四只簇绒卷尾猴（僧帽猴）在一项工具任务中成功地用棍子将奖励从管子中推出，它们在一项类似的任务中接受了测试，该任务使用的管子有一个洞和一个小陷阱。根据棍子插入的位置，奖励要么被推出管子，要么掉进陷阱。通过陷阱管任务，我们评估猴子是否理解它们的行为与结果之间的因果关系。在实验1中，每个受试者对陷阱管进行了14个包含10次试验的组块。三只受试者的表现处于随机水平。第四只受试者（Rb）的表现有所提高，在最后6个组块中成功率达到了95%。在实验2中，Rb接受了额外的测试，以进一步研究其成功策略。Rb通过基于距离的关联规则解决了陷阱管任务。这4只受试者的表现表明，它们没有考虑到自己的行为对奖励的影响。
