Sears Malcolm R
McMaster University and Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Oct;122(4):662-668. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.003.
Exacerbations of asthma sufficient to require urgent medical intervention are often, but not always, associated with viral infection, especially rhinovirus, with significant interaction with allergen sensitization and exposure. Seasonal patterns of exacerbations are seen especially in children, and may be aggravated by lack of adequate maintenance anti-inflammatory drug treatment during the high-risk viral season most well described in the Northern Hemisphere after school return in September. Age and sex differences in the epidemiology of exacerbations remain less than fully explained, but hormonal influences are demonstrable. Frequent exacerbations may be an indication of greater severity of disease, significant comorbidities, or poor compliance with therapy. Recognizing risk factors for exacerbations and implementing appropriate long-term management strategies coupled with improved compliance should reduce morbidity and mortality associated with asthma exacerbations.
足以需要紧急医疗干预的哮喘加重情况通常（但并非总是）与病毒感染有关，尤其是鼻病毒，且与过敏原致敏和接触存在显著相互作用。加重情况的季节性模式尤其在儿童中可见，在北半球9月开学后高危病毒季节期间，若缺乏足够的维持性抗炎药物治疗，可能会加剧这种情况。哮喘加重的流行病学中的年龄和性别差异仍未得到充分解释，但激素影响是明显的。频繁加重可能表明疾病严重程度更高、存在显著合并症或治疗依从性差。识别加重的风险因素并实施适当的长期管理策略，同时提高依从性，应可降低与哮喘加重相关的发病率和死亡率。
