Goshen Inbal, Yirmiya Raz
Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2009 Jan;30(1):30-45. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.10.001. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
Ample evidence demonstrates that the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), produced following exposure to immunological and psychological challenges, plays an important role in the neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses. Specifically, production of brain IL-1 is an important link in stress-induced activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and secretion of glucocorticoids, which mediate the effects of stress on memory functioning and neural plasticity, exerting beneficial effects at low levels and detrimental effects at high levels. Furthermore, IL-1 signaling and the resultant glucocorticoid secretion mediate the development of depressive symptoms associated with exposure to acute and chronic stressors, at least partly via suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. These findings indicate that whereas under some physiological conditions low levels of IL-1 promote the adaptive stress responses necessary for efficient coping, under severe and chronic stress conditions blockade of IL-1 signaling can be used as a preventive and therapeutic procedure for alleviating stress-associated neuropathology and psychopathology.
大量证据表明，暴露于免疫和心理挑战后产生的促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1（IL-1）在神经内分泌和行为应激反应中起重要作用。具体而言，脑IL-1的产生是应激诱导下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激活和糖皮质激素分泌的重要环节，糖皮质激素介导应激对记忆功能和神经可塑性的影响，低水平时发挥有益作用，高水平时产生有害作用。此外，IL-1信号传导及由此产生的糖皮质激素分泌介导了与暴露于急性和慢性应激源相关的抑郁症状的发展，至少部分是通过抑制海马神经发生实现的。这些发现表明，在某些生理条件下，低水平的IL-1促进有效应对所需的适应性应激反应，而在严重和慢性应激条件下，阻断IL-1信号传导可作为减轻应激相关神经病理学和精神病理学的预防和治疗手段。
