Humphries Tammy L, Delate Thomas, Helling Dennis K, Richardson Bruce
Department of Pharmacy, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO 80011-9045, USA.
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008 Nov-Dec;48(6):774-9. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07114.
To evaluate the impact of an automated dispensing system (ADS) on pharmacy staff work activities and job satisfaction.
Cross-sectional, retrospective study.
Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) outpatient pharmacies in September 2005.
Pharmacists and technicians from 18 outpatient pharmacies.
All KPCO outpatient pharmacists (n = 136) and technicians (n = 160) were surveyed regarding demographics and work activities and pharmacist job satisfaction. Work activities and job satisfaction were compared between pharmacies with and without ADS. Historical prescription purchase records from ADS pharmacies were assessed for pre-ADS to post-ADS changes in productivity.
Self-reported pharmacy staff work activities and pharmacist job satisfaction.
Pharmacists who responded to the demographic questionnaire (n = 74) were primarily women (60%), had a bachelor's degree in pharmacy (68%), and had been in practice for 10 years or more (53%). Responding technicians (n = 72) were predominantly women (80%) with no postsecondary degree (90%) and fewer than 10 years (68%) in practice. Pharmacists in ADS pharmacies who responded to the work activities questionnaire (n = 50) reported equivalent mean hours spent in patient care activities and filling medication orders compared with non-ADS pharmacists (n = 33; P > 0.05). Similarly, technicians in ADS pharmacies who responded to the work activities questionnaire (n = 64) reported equivalent mean hours spent in filling medication orders compared with non-ADS technicians (n = 38; P > 0.05). An equivalent proportion of ADS pharmacists reported satisfaction with their current job compared with non-ADS pharmacies (P > 0.05). Mean productivity did not increase appreciably after automation (P >0.05).
By itself, installing an ADS does not appear to shift pharmacist work activities from dispensing to patient counseling or to increase job satisfaction. Shifting pharmacist work activities from dispensing to counseling and monitoring drug therapy outcomes may be warranted in ADS pharmacies.
评估自动配药系统（ADS）对药房工作人员工作活动及工作满意度的影响。
横断面回顾性研究。
2005年9月科罗拉多州凯撒医疗机构（KPCO）的门诊药房。
来自18家门诊药房的药剂师和技术人员。
对所有KPCO门诊药剂师（n = 136）和技术人员（n = 160）进行了关于人口统计学、工作活动及药剂师工作满意度的调查。比较了有无ADS的药房之间的工作活动及工作满意度。评估了ADS药房的历史处方购买记录，以了解从ADS安装前到安装后生产力的变化。
药房工作人员自我报告的工作活动及药剂师的工作满意度。
回复人口统计学问卷的药剂师（n = 74）主要为女性（60%），拥有药学学士学位（68%），且从业10年或更长时间（53%）。回复的技术人员（n = 72）主要为女性（80%），无大专学历（90%），且从业少于10年（68%）。回复工作活动问卷的ADS药房药剂师（n = 50）报告称，与非ADS药房药剂师（n = 33）相比，他们在患者护理活动和配药订单方面花费的平均时间相当（P > 0.05）。同样，回复工作活动问卷的ADS药房技术人员（n = 64）报告称，与非ADS技术人员（n = 38）相比，他们在配药订单方面花费的平均时间相当（P > 0.05）。与非ADS药房相比，ADS药房中有相当比例的药剂师报告对其当前工作满意（P > 0.05）。自动化后平均生产力没有明显提高（P > 0.05）。
单独安装ADS似乎并不会将药剂师的工作活动从配药转移到患者咨询，也不会提高工作满意度。在ADS药房中，将药剂师的工作活动从配药转移到咨询和监测药物治疗效果可能是有必要的。
