Kreling David H, Doucette William R, Mott David A, Gaither Caroline A, Pedersen Craig A, Schommer Jon C
Sonderegger Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2006 May-Jun;46(3):331-9. doi: 10.1331/154434506777069651.
To describe characteristics of community pharmacists' current practice environments and pharmacists perceptions' about aspects of their work environments.
Cross-sectional study.
Community pharmacies (independent, chain, mass merchandiser, and supermarket pharmacies) in the United States.
1,564 actively practicing pharmacists.
Mailed survey from the 2004 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey, which included core content questions for all sampled pharmacists and supplemental surveys that included workplace questions for a selected subsample of pharmacists.
Hours the pharmacy was open; staffing; workload, perceptions of workload, and impact of the current workload on them and their work; equipment and technology available and used; and impact of equipment and technology at the practice site. Responses were compared with those from the 2000 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey.
Hours of operation varied across practice settings in 2004 and were similar to those reported in 2000. Pharmacist and technician staffing varied somewhat across settings, but overall pharmacists were working with more technicians in 2004 compared with 2000. The number of prescriptions personally dispensed daily (personal workload) increased for pharmacists in all practice settings from 2000 to 2004. When pharmacists reported the impact of their current workload, motivation to work at the pharmacy and job satisfaction were rated most positive, and opportunity to take adequate breaks were rated most negative. Equipment used for facilitating the dispensing process was more common in pharmacies than equipment related to patient care activities. More than one half of pharmacists reported that equipment and technology increased their level of productivity, quality of care, financial performance, and job satisfaction in the pharmacy.
Pharmacists' work environments tend to be oriented toward traditional dispensing roles and activities. Staff, equipment, and information technology resources are available to facilitate both dispensing and patient care activities, and these resources have increased productivity, quality of care, and pharmacists' satisfaction.
描述社区药剂师当前的执业环境特点以及药剂师对其工作环境各方面的看法。
横断面研究。
美国的社区药房（独立药房、连锁药房、大型零售商药房和超市药房）。
1564名在职药剂师。
2004年全国药剂师劳动力调查的邮寄调查问卷，其中包括针对所有抽样药剂师的核心内容问题以及针对部分抽样药剂师的补充调查问卷，补充问卷包含工作场所问题。
药房营业时间；人员配备；工作量、工作量认知以及当前工作量对他们及其工作的影响；可用及使用的设备和技术；以及执业场所设备和技术的影响。将这些回答与2000年全国药剂师劳动力调查的结果进行比较。
2004年不同执业环境下的营业时间各不相同，与2000年报告的情况相似。药剂师和技术员的人员配备在不同环境下略有差异，但总体而言，与2000年相比，2004年药剂师与更多技术员合作。从2000年到2004年，所有执业环境下药剂师个人每日调配的处方数量（个人工作量）均有所增加。当药剂师报告当前工作量的影响时，在药房工作的积极性和工作满意度的评分最为积极，而有足够休息时间的机会评分最为消极。用于促进调配过程的设备在药房比与患者护理活动相关的设备更为常见。超过一半的药剂师报告称，设备和技术提高了他们在药房的工作效率、护理质量、财务绩效和工作满意度。
药剂师的工作环境倾向于以传统的调配角色和活动为导向。有工作人员、设备和信息技术资源来促进调配和患者护理活动。这些资源提高了工作效率、护理质量和药剂师的满意度。
