Bräuer Juliane, Call Josep, Tomasello Michael
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, Germany.
Am J Primatol. 2009 Feb;71(2):175-81. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20639.
Recent studies have produced mixed evidence about inequity aversion in nonhuman primates. Brosnan et al. [Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 272:253-258, 2005] found inequity aversion in chimpanzees and argued that effort is crucial, if subjects are to evaluate how they are rewarded in comparison to a competitor for an identical performance. In this study we investigated inequity aversion with chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans, using the method of Brosnan et al. [Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 272:253-258, 2005] after introducing some methodological improvements. Subjects always received a less-preferred food in exchange for a token, whereas the competitor received either the same type of food for their token (equity) or a more favored food for it (inequity). Apes did not refuse more of the less-preferred food when a competitor had received the more favored food. Thus, with an improved methodology we failed to reproduce the findings of Brosnan et al. [Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 272:253-258, 2005] that apes show inequity aversion.
最近的研究对于非人类灵长类动物的公平厌恶给出了参差不齐的证据。布罗斯南等人[《伦敦皇家学会学报。B辑。生物科学》272:253 - 258，2005年]在黑猩猩身上发现了公平厌恶，并认为如果受试者要评估与竞争对手在相同表现下相比自己是如何获得奖励的，努力是至关重要的。在本研究中，我们在引入一些方法改进后，采用布罗斯南等人[《伦敦皇家学会学报。B辑。生物科学》272:253 - 258，2005年]的方法，对黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩和猩猩进行了公平厌恶的研究。受试者总是用一个代币换取一种不太喜欢的食物，而竞争对手要么用代币换取相同类型的食物（公平），要么换取更受青睐的食物（不公平）。当竞争对手得到更受青睐的食物时，猿类并没有拒绝更多不太喜欢的食物。因此，通过改进方法，我们未能重现布罗斯南等人[《伦敦皇家学会学报。B辑。生物科学》272:253 - 258，2005年]关于猿类表现出公平厌恶的研究结果。
