Lovejoy J C, Sainsbury A
Free and Clear Inc., 999 Third Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Obes Rev. 2009 Mar;10(2):154-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00529.x. Epub 2008 Oct 28.
Obesity prevalence is generally higher in women than in men, and there is also a sex difference in body fat distribution. Sex differences in obesity can be explained in part by the influence of gonadal steroids on body composition and appetite; however, behavioural, socio-cultural and chromosomal factors may also play a role. This review, which evolved from the 2008 Stock Conference on sex differences in obesity, summarizes current research and recommendations related to hormonal and neuroendocrine influences on energy balance and fat distribution. A number of important gaps in the research are identified, including a need for more studies on chromosomal sex effects on energy balance, the role of socio-cultural (i.e. gender) factors in obesity and the potential deleterious effects of high-fat diets during pregnancy on the foetus. Furthermore, there is a paucity of clinical trials examining sex-specific approaches and outcomes of obesity treatment (lifestyle-based or pharmacological), and research is urgently needed to determine whether current weight loss programmes, largely developed and tested on women, are appropriate for men. Last, it is important that both animal and clinical research on obesity be designed and analysed in such a way that data can be separately examined in both men and women.
肥胖患病率通常女性高于男性，且身体脂肪分布也存在性别差异。肥胖的性别差异部分可由性腺类固醇对身体成分和食欲的影响来解释；然而，行为、社会文化和染色体因素也可能起作用。这篇综述源自2008年关于肥胖性别差异的斯托克会议，总结了当前有关激素和神经内分泌对能量平衡及脂肪分布影响的研究及建议。研究中发现了一些重要空白，包括需要更多关于染色体性别对能量平衡影响的研究、社会文化（即性别）因素在肥胖中的作用以及孕期高脂饮食对胎儿的潜在有害影响。此外，缺乏针对肥胖治疗（基于生活方式或药物治疗）的性别特异性方法和结果的临床试验，迫切需要开展研究以确定目前主要针对女性制定和测试的减肥计划是否适用于男性。最后，重要的是肥胖的动物研究和临床研究在设计和分析时应能够分别对男性和女性的数据进行检查。
