Delaunois Bertrand, Cordelier Sylvain, Conreux Alexandra, Clément Christophe, Jeandet Philippe
Laboratory of Oenology and Applied Chemistry, Research Unit 'Vines and Wines of Champagne-Stress and Environment', UPRES EA 2069, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 02, France.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2009 Jan;7(1):2-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00377.x. Epub 2008 Oct 7.
The grapevine phytoalexin resveratrol, the synthesis of which is achieved by stilbene synthase (STS), displays a wide range of biological effects. Most interest has centred, in recent years, on STS gene transfer experiments from grapevine to the genome of numerous plants. This work presents a comprehensive review on plant molecular engineering with the STS gene. Gene and promoter options are discussed, namely the different promoters used to drive the transgene, as well as the enhancer elements and/or heterologous promoters used to improve transcriptional activity in the transformed lines. Factors modifying transgene expression and epigenetic modifications, for instance transgene copy number, are also presented. Resveratrol synthesis in plants, together with that of its glucoside as a result of STS expression, is described, as is the incidence of these compounds on plant metabolism and development. The ectopic production of resveratrol can lead to broad-spectrum resistance against fungi in transgenic lines, and to the enhancement of the antioxidant activities of several fruits, highlighting the potential role of this compound in health promotion and plant disease control.
葡萄藤植物抗毒素白藜芦醇由芪合酶（STS）合成，具有广泛的生物学效应。近年来，人们的兴趣主要集中在将葡萄藤的STS基因转移到众多植物基因组的实验上。本文对利用STS基因进行植物分子工程进行了全面综述。讨论了基因和启动子的选择，即用于驱动转基因的不同启动子，以及用于提高转化株中转录活性的增强子元件和/或异源启动子。还介绍了影响转基因表达的因素和表观遗传修饰，如转基因拷贝数。描述了植物中白藜芦醇的合成及其因STS表达而产生的糖苷，以及这些化合物对植物代谢和发育的影响。白藜芦醇的异位产生可导致转基因株系对真菌产生广谱抗性，并增强几种果实的抗氧化活性，突出了该化合物在促进健康和植物病害控制中的潜在作用。
