Varnier Anne-Lise, Sanchez Lisa, Vatsa Parul, Boudesocque Leslie, Garcia-Brugger Angela, Rabenoelina Fanja, Sorokin Alexander, Renault Jean-Hugues, Kauffmann Serge, Pugin Alain, Clement Christophe, Baillieul Fabienne, Dorey Stephan
URVVC-EA 2069, Stress, Défense et Reproduction des Plantes, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims cedex 2, France.
Plant Cell Environ. 2009 Feb;32(2):178-193. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01911.x. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
Rhamnolipids produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known as very efficient biosurfactant molecules. They are used for a wide range of industrial applications, especially in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations as well as in bioremediation of pollutants. In this paper, the role of rhamnolipids as novel molecules triggering defence responses and protection against the fungus Botrytis cinerea in grapevine is presented. The effect of rhamnolipids was assessed in grapevine using cell suspension cultures and vitro-plantlets. Ca(2+) influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production form part of early signalling events leading from perception of rhamnolipids to the induction of plant defences that include expression of a wide range of defence genes and a hypersensitive response (HR)-like response. In addition, rhamnolipids potentiated defence responses induced by the chitosan elicitor and by the culture filtrate of B. cinerea. We also demonstrated that rhamnolipids have direct antifungal properties by inhibiting spore germination and mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Ultimately, rhamnolipids efficiently protected grapevine against the fungus. We propose that rhamnolipids are acting as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) in grapevine and that the combination of rhamnolipid effects could participate in grapevine protection against grey mould disease.
由铜绿假单胞菌产生的鼠李糖脂是非常有效的生物表面活性剂分子。它们被广泛应用于各种工业领域，尤其是在食品、化妆品和药物制剂中，以及用于污染物的生物修复。本文介绍了鼠李糖脂作为触发葡萄防御反应和抵御葡萄灰霉病菌的新型分子的作用。利用细胞悬浮培养物和离体苗对葡萄中鼠李糖脂的作用进行了评估。钙离子内流、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激活和活性氧产生是从感知鼠李糖脂到诱导植物防御（包括多种防御基因的表达和类似过敏反应（HR）的反应）的早期信号事件的一部分。此外，鼠李糖脂增强了壳聚糖激发子和灰霉病菌培养滤液诱导的防御反应。我们还证明了鼠李糖脂通过抑制灰霉病菌的孢子萌发和菌丝体生长具有直接的抗真菌特性。最终，鼠李糖脂有效地保护了葡萄免受真菌侵害。我们提出鼠李糖脂在葡萄中作为微生物相关分子模式（MAMPs）起作用，并且鼠李糖脂效应的组合可能参与葡萄对灰霉病的保护。
