Chaparro Camila M
Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
J Nutr. 2008 Dec;138(12):2529-33. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.12.2529.
Iron deficiency is estimated to be the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide and is particularly persistent among infants and children. The high prevalence of anemia in 6- to 9-mo-old children raises the concern that birth iron stores in some infants are inadequate to sustain growth and development through the first 6 mo of life, and postnatal factors are contributing to early depletion of iron stores and development of anemia. At the same time, there are concerns about negative effects of excess iron in infants. Maternal iron status, infant birth weight and gestational age, as well as the timing of umbilical cord clamping at birth all contribute to the establishment of adequate total body iron at birth. Postnatally, feeding practices and growth rate are factors that will affect how quickly birth iron is depleted during the first 6 mo of life. Under conditions in which maternal iron status, birth weight, gestational age, and umbilical cord clamping time are optimal, and exclusive breast-feeding is practiced, infants should have adequate iron stores for the first 6-8 mo of life. Under suboptimal conditions, infants may not reach this goal and may need to be targeted for iron supplementation before 6 mo of age.
据估计，缺铁是全球最常见的营养缺乏症，在婴幼儿中尤为普遍。6至9个月大儿童贫血的高患病率引发了人们的担忧，即一些婴儿的出生铁储备不足以维持生命最初6个月的生长发育，产后因素导致铁储备过早耗尽和贫血的发生。与此同时，人们也担心婴儿体内铁过量会产生负面影响。母亲的铁状况、婴儿出生体重和胎龄，以及出生时脐带结扎的时间，都有助于在出生时建立足够的全身铁储备。出生后，喂养方式和生长速度是影响出生后最初6个月内出生时铁储备耗尽速度的因素。在母亲铁状况、出生体重、胎龄和脐带结扎时间最佳且实行纯母乳喂养的情况下，婴儿在出生后的最初6至8个月应具有足够的铁储备。在次优条件下，婴儿可能无法达到这一目标，可能需要在6个月龄前进行铁补充。
