MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Nov 21;57(46):1249-52.
Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and result in an estimated 620,000 deaths annually. In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal for all countries to introduce hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine into national routine infant immunization programs by 1997. In countries where a high percentage of HBV infections are acquired perinatally (where general population prevalence of chronic HBV infection is >/=8%), WHO recommends administering the first HepB vaccine dose <24 hours after birth to prevent perinatal HBV transmission. To assess implementation of newborn HepB vaccination, the most recently available data were examined from the Joint Reporting Form used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) to track worldwide vaccine coverage for WHO-recommended infant immunizations. In 2006, a total of 162 (84%) of 193 countries had introduced HepB vaccine into their national infant immunization schedules. Among the 193 countries, 81 (42%) reported using a schedule with a HepB vaccine birth dose (defined as a dose administered within 24 hours of birth). Worldwide, 27% of newborns received a HepB vaccine birth dose in 2006. In the 87 countries with >/=8% chronic HBV infection prevalence, HepB vaccine birth dose coverage was 36%. These findings highlight the global need to implement this key hepatitis B prevention strategy more widely.
在全球范围内，乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是肝硬化和肝癌的主要病因，每年估计导致62万人死亡。1992年，世界卫生组织（WHO）设定了一个目标，即所有国家在1997年前将乙肝（HepB）疫苗纳入国家常规婴儿免疫计划。在围产期获得HBV感染比例较高的国家（慢性HBV感染的总体患病率≥8%），WHO建议在出生后<24小时内接种第一剂HepB疫苗，以预防围产期HBV传播。为评估新生儿乙肝疫苗接种的实施情况，我们查阅了世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）用于追踪全球WHO推荐的婴儿免疫接种疫苗覆盖率的联合报告表中的最新数据。2006年，193个国家中共有162个（84%）将HepB疫苗纳入了其国家婴儿免疫接种计划。在这193个国家中，81个（42%）报告采用了含乙肝疫苗出生剂量的接种计划（定义为在出生后≤24小时内接种的剂量）。2006年，全球27%的新生儿接种了乙肝疫苗出生剂量。在慢性HBV感染患病率≥8%的87个国家中，乙肝疫苗出生剂量的覆盖率为36%。这些发现凸显了在全球范围内更广泛实施这一关键乙肝预防策略的必要性。
