Pahk Patricia J, Adelman Ron A
Department of Ophthalmology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA, USA.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009 Apr;247(4):469-75. doi: 10.1007/s00417-008-0985-2. Epub 2008 Nov 26.
Paintball-related ocular injuries result in severe damage and loss of vision. Despite efforts to increase public awareness and improve safety features, the incidence of eye injuries has increased over time. We examined the characteristics and ocular effects of paintball injury at our tertiary referral center.
Retrospective review of charts of patients with paintball injury between 1998-2005.
Fourteen patients were evaluated for paintball injury; 13 (93%) were male and one (7%) was female. Average age was 17 years (range from 9 to 30). Thirteen patients (95%) did not wear eye protection; one is unknown. Injuries occurred while playing paintball in three patients (21%); ten (71%) were injured in either accidental (four patients) or intentional (six patients) shootings not associated with play. Minimum follow-up was 6 weeks, except for one patient who was lost to follow-up. Seven patients (50%) had final visual acuity (VA) better than 20/200, six patients (43%) were 20/200 or worse, and information on one patient was not available. VA, except in one case, improved with treatment. Decreased VA in this case was due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Hyphema was noted in ten patients (71%), vitreous hemorrhage in eight (57%), retinal hemorrhage in six (43%), retinal tear or detachment in six (43%), commotio retinae in six (43%), iris injury in five (36%), keratopathy in four (29%), lens injury in two (14%), subluxation of lens in two (14%), secondary glaucoma in two (14%), open globe/intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in one (7%), choroidal rupture in one (7%), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in one (7%). Ten patients (71%) required intervention (surgery, laser retinopexy or cryotherapy).
Paintball trauma results in significant ocular injury and loss of vision. Most injuries occur in unsupervised settings without proper eye protection. Ten patients (71%) were injured in accidental or intentional shootings. Lack of supervision and use of paintball materials as assault weapons make the risk for ocular injury more significant. Improved safety features of paintball equipment, along with continued education of proper eye protection, may reduce the incidence of severe ocular injuries.
彩弹球运动相关的眼部损伤会导致严重损害和视力丧失。尽管一直在努力提高公众意识并改进安全性能，但随着时间推移，眼部损伤的发生率仍有所上升。我们在我们的三级转诊中心研究了彩弹球损伤的特征和眼部影响。
回顾性分析1998年至2005年间彩弹球损伤患者的病历。
对14例彩弹球损伤患者进行了评估；13例（93%）为男性，1例（7%）为女性。平均年龄为17岁（范围为9至30岁）。13例患者（95%）未佩戴眼部防护装备；1例情况不明。3例患者（21%）在进行彩弹球运动时受伤；10例（71%）在与运动无关的意外（4例患者）或故意（6例患者）射击中受伤。除1例失访患者外，最短随访时间为6周。7例患者（50%）最终视力（VA）优于20/200，6例患者（43%）为20/200或更差，1例患者信息不详。除1例病例外，视力经治疗后有所改善。该病例视力下降是由于增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）。10例患者（71%）出现前房积血，8例（57%）出现玻璃体积血，6例（43%）出现视网膜出血，6例（43%）出现视网膜裂孔或脱离，6例（43%）出现视网膜震荡，5例（36%）出现虹膜损伤，4例（29%）出现角膜病变，2例（14%）出现晶状体损伤，2例（14%）出现晶状体半脱位，2例（14%）出现继发性青光眼，1例（7%）出现开放性眼球/眼内异物（IOFB），1例（7%）出现脉络膜破裂，1例（7%）出现增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）。10例患者（71%）需要干预（手术、激光视网膜光凝或冷冻疗法）。
彩弹球创伤会导致严重的眼部损伤和视力丧失。大多数损伤发生在无人监督且未佩戴适当眼部防护装备 的情况下。10例患者（71%）在意外或故意射击中受伤。缺乏监督以及将彩弹球材料用作攻击性武器使得眼部损伤风险更为显著。改进彩弹球装备的安全性能，同时持续开展正确眼部防护教育，可能会降低严重眼部损伤的发生率。
